ഫുകുഷിമയില്‍ സംഭവിച്ചത്

വൈദുതി ഉത്പധനത്ത്തിനായി അണവ ഊര്‍ജം  ധാരല്ലം ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന രാജ്ജ്യമാണ്  ജപ്പാന്‍ .ആറ് ആണവ റിയാക്ട്ടരുകള്‍ ചേര്‍ന്ന ബ്രഹിര്ത്ത്തായ ഒരു സംവിധാനമണ്  ഫുകുഷിമ ടെയ്ച്ച്ചി പവര്‍  പ്ലാന്റ് .AXnsâ \S-¯n-¸p-Im-cm-Is« tSmIntb Ce-Iv{SnIv ]hÀ tImÀ]-td-j-\pw. 2011 amÀ¨v 11, shÅn-bmgvN P¸m-\n-ep-­mb `qI-¼hpw AXn-\p-ti-j-ap-­mb kp\m-anbpw tNÀ¶v ^pIp-jn-asb BtKmf {]i-kvX-amb \ma-am¡n XoÀ¯p. Ct¸mÄ ^pIp-jna P¸msâ am{Xw k¦-S-aà kIe temI-¯n-sâbpw {i²m tI{µhpw Bi-¦m-hn-j-b-hp-am-Wv.

        `qI-¼hpw kp\m-anbpw BWhdn-bm-IvSdpw X½n-se-´mWv _Ôw? F´p-sIm-­mWv C{X Znh-k-§Ä Ign-ªn«pw ^pIp-jn-a-bnse ØnXn \nb-{´-Wm-Xo-X-ambn XpS-cp-¶Xv? hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp¶ DuÀÖ Bh-iy-§Ä¡pÅ t]mwh-gn-bmbn Nq­n-¡m-«p¶ BWh DuÀÖw Hcp kpc-£n-X-a-sÃt¶m?Cu tNmZy-§Ä¡v ]cn-an-X-amb \ne-bn-epÅ D¯-c-§Â tXSm³ \ap¡v {ian-¡mw.

dnbm-IvSÀ LS\

        bptd-\nbw ssUtbm-IvsskUv (U235) AsÃ-¦n anIvkvUv HmIvsskUv BWv dnbm-IvSÀ C\v[-\w. Ch sNdnb Kpfn-I-I-fpsS cq]-¯n teml-Z-WvUp-IÄ¡p-Ån-emWv kq£n-¡pI. knÀt¡m-Wnbw teml-amWv ZWvUp-IÄ \nÀ½n-¡m³ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv. \o­v kqNn-IÄt]m-se-bpÅ C¯cw CÔ-\-Z-WvUp-IÄ [mcmfw F®w tNÀ¯v sI«p-I-W-¡n\v dnbm-IvS-dnsâ Gähpw DÅn (tImÀ) h¨n-cn-¡pw. bptd-\nbw Bäw hnL-Sn-¡p-t¼mÄ [mcmfw Xm]w ]pd¯p hcpw. Cu {]hÀ¯-\s¯ ^nj³ F¶mWv hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv. ^nj³ {]hÀ¯\w \ne-\n¶p t]mI-W-sa-¦n \yqt{Sm-Wp-IÄ thWw. CXv Hcp \nb-{´nX sNbn³ dnbm-£³ BWv.

        ^pIp-jn-a-bn-teXv ‘t_mbn-enwKv hm«À dnbm-IvS-dp-’I-fm-Wv. AXm-bXv XWp-¸n-¡m³ ( Iqfâv) D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xv shÅ-am-Wv. shÅw CÔ\ ZWvUp-IÄ¡n-S-bn-eqsS IS-¶p-t]m-Ip-t¼mÄ Xm]w  BKn-cWw sNbvXv Xnf-bv¡p-¶p. A§s\ [mcmfw Bhn-bp-­m-Ip-¶p. Cu Bhn-bmWv SÀss_-\p-IÄ Id¡n sshZyqXn DZv]m-Z-\¯n\v D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv.

        bptd-\nbw CÔ-¯nsâ ^nj³ {]hÀ¯-\-^-e-ambn [mcmfw Xm]w D­m-Ip-¶ps­-¦nepw AXv apgp-h³ sshZypXn DZv]m-Z-\-¯n\v {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯m³ Ign-bn-Ã. ImcWw DuÀtPm¸m-Z-\-¯n-\pÅ Hcp imebpw \qdv iX-am\w Imcy-£-a-a-Ã. [mcmfw DuÀÖw ]mgm-bn-t¸m-Ipw. apgp-h³ Imcy-£-a-X-bpÅ (efficiency ) Hcp kwhn-[m-\hpw cq]-I-ev]\ sN¿m³ a\p-jy-\n-Xp-hsc km[n-¨n-«n-Ã. Hcp BWh dnbm-IvS-dnsâ Imcy-£-aX GI-tZiw 30-þ35 iX-am\w F¶mWv  IW-¡m-¡p-¶-Xv. AXm-bXv dnbm-IvSÀ tImdn D­m-Ip¶ 65 þ70% Xm]w ]mgm-hp-I-bm-Wv. Cu Xm]w hfsc IrXy-ambn AhnsS \n¶pw \o¡w sNbvXn-sÃ-¦n AXn-`o-a-amb NqSn dnbm-IvSdv \in-¨p-t]m-Ipw. 

        dnbmIvS-dp-IÄ {]hÀ¯-\-£-a-am-Ip-¶-Xn\v \yqt{Sm-Wp-IÄ e`y-am-I-Ww. F¶m \yqt{Sm-Wp-I-fpsS F®w Hcp ]cn-[n-bn IqSn-bm sNbn³ dnbm-£³ ]cn[n IS-¡p-Ibpw s]m«n-s¯-dn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. \yqt{Sm-Wp-I-fpSw F®w \nb-{´n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn \nb-{´W ZWvUp-IÄ tImdn-\p-Ån sh¨n-«p-­v. \nb-{´W ZWvUp-IÄ tImdn-\p-Ån-te¡v {]th-in-¸n-¨m Ah³ [mcmfw \yqt{Sm-Wp-Isf BKn-cWw sN¿p-¶Xp hgn sNbn dnbm-£³ \n¶p-t]m-hp-Ibpw dnbm-IvSÀ sshZypXn DZv]m-Z\w \nÀ¯p-Ibpw sN¿pw.

        2011 amÀ¨v 11\v Zpc´w kw`-hn¨t¸mÄ Xs¶ \nb-{´W ZWvUp-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨v ^nj³ {]hÀ¯\w \nÀ¯n-sh-¨n-cp-¶p. F¶m hfsc DbÀ¶ NqSn \n¡p¶ dnbm-IvSÀ XWp-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Iqfâv XpSÀ¶pw \ÂIn-sIm-­n-cn-¡-Ww. ^pIp-jn-a-bnse Iqfâv shÅ-am-Wv. CXv \nc-´cw ]¼v sN¿m-\mbn Uok sP\-td-äÀ thsd Øm]n-¨n-«p-­v. A¶v `qI-¼-tijw Cu Uok P\-td-äÀ {]hÀ¯-\clnXamb-XmWv ^pIp-jn-asb C¶s¯ Ah-Ø-bn sIm­-¯n-¨-Xv.

        \nb-{´W ZWvUp-I-fpsS klm-b-¯m ^nj³ {]hÀ¯\w \nÀ¯n-sb-¦nepw CÔ-\-¯n DÅ ^nj³ D¸-¶-§-fmb Asbm-Un³ 131, koknbw 137, ¹qt«m-Wnbw 239 F¶nh AWp-hn-L-S\w XpSÀ¶p-sIm-­n-cp-¶p. Cu {]hÀ¯\w [mcmfw Xm]w ]pd-¯p-hn-Sp¶ {]hÀ¯-\-§-fm-Wv. B {]hÀ¯\w \nÀ¯m³ ]cym-]vX-amb kwhn-[m-\-§Ä H¶p-an-Ã.

        ap¼p-­m-bn-cp¶ NqSpw ^nj³ DXv¸-¶-§-fpSw hnL-S\w hgn-bp-­mb Xm]hpw \o¡w sN¿m³ Ign-bm-Xn-cp-¶Xv ØnXn AXn-thKw hj-fm-¡n. 10000  A[nIw NqSv hÀ²n-¡p-t¼mÄ bptd-\nbw CÔ\w Kpfn-Im-cq-]-¯n AI¯v kq£n-¨n-cn-¡p¶ knÀt¡-Wnbw ZWvUp-IÄ Dcp-Im³ CS-bm-¡n. A§s\ \ocm-hn-bp-am-bpÅ C\v[\ ZWvUp-I-fpSw {]Xn-{]-hÀ¯-\-^-e-ambn ssl{U-P³ hmXIw [mcmfw ]pd¯p-h-¶p. CXnsâ ^e-am-bmWv ssl{U-P³ kvt^mS-\-¯n-eqsS ^pIp-jna dnbm-IvS-dp-I-fpSw AXn-i-à-amb tIm¬{Ioä ta¡q-c-IÄ XIÀ¶p-t]m-b-Xv.

        ISÂPew ]¼vsNbvXv AIs¯ Xm]w Ipd-bv¡m³ {iaw \S-¯n-bn-cp-¶p. F¦nepw CÔ\ ZWvUpIfpsS AXn ITn-\-amb Xm]w ImcWw Ah Dcp-Im³ XpS-§n. CÔ\w Dcp-In-sbm-en-¨m AXp-aqew AXy´w `oI-c-amb ØnXn-hn-tijw kwPm-X-am-Ipw.

        dnbm-IvS-dp-I-fnse D¶-X-Xm]w \nb-{´n-¡m\pw AXp-hgn Hcp h³ BW-h-kvt^m-S\w Hgn-hm-¡m\pw A£oW {]bXv\w sN¿p-I-bmWv P¸m³. A´m-cmjv{S BW-thmÀP GP³knbpw Zn\w tXmdpw ØnXn-K-Xn-IÄ Ah-tem-I\w sN¿p-¶p-­v. Hcn-¡Â temI¯v CZw-]-Y-a-am-bp-­mb BWh t_mwt_m-{I-a-W-¯nsâ bmX-\-IÄ Xe-apd Xe-ap-d-tbmfw A\p-`-hn-¨-h-cmWv P¸m-\ns\ P\-§Ä. BW-thmÀÖw kam-[m-\-]-c-amb Bh-iy-§Ä¡p-th-­n-am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ ZrU-\n-Ýbw sNbvX B P\-X-bpsS ]cn-{i-a-§Ä k^-e-am-Im³ \ap¡pw {]mÀ°n-¡mw.

tdUn-tb-j³

F´mWv tdUn-tb-j³?

        DuÀP IWn-I-IÄ k©-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-s\-bmWv tdUn-tb-j³ F¶v ]d-bp-¶-Xv. tdUn-tb-j\v k©-cn-¡m³ Ft¸mgpw am[yaw Bh-iy-an-Ã. iq\y-Ø-e-¯n-eq-sSbpw k©-cn-¡m³ tdUn-tb-j-\m-Ipw. s]mXpth c­p Xcw tdUn-tb-j-\p-I-fp-­v. Ab-Wo-I-c-W-ti-jn-bp-ÅXpw AÃm-¯-Xp-amWv Cu c­p Xcw. Ab-Wo-I-c-W-ti-jnbpÅ tdUn-tb-j-\p-IÄ IqSp-X A]-I-S-Im-cn-I-fm-Wv. FIvkv sd, Kmam- sd, tImkvanIv sd F¶nh DZm-l-c-W-§Ä. Ab-Wo-I-c-W-ti-jn-bn-Ãm¯ tdUn-tb-jsâ Iq«-¯n-emWv {]Im-ihpw samss_ Xcw-K-§fpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶-Xv.

        FIvkv sdbpw Kmam sdbpw X½n ASn-Øm-\-]-c-amb hyXym-k-§-sfm-¶p-an-Ã. hkvXp-¡sf Xpf-¨p-I-S-¡m\pw IS-¶p-t]m-Ip¶ hkvXp-¡-fn Atbm-Wp-Isf D­m-¡m\pw Ahbv¡v tijn-bp-­v. FIvkv civan-IÄ Bä-¯nsâ \yq¢n-b-kn\v ]pd¯v\n¶pw ]pd-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ Kmam civan-IÄ \yq¢n-b-kn-\-I-¯p-\n-¶m-Wv. AXm-WhX½n-epÅ hyXym-kw. D¶X Bäw \¼-dpÅ AØn-c-amb Bä-§Ä hnL-Sn¨v sNdp-Xm-Ip-t¼mÄ Ah Kmam civan-IÄ ]pd-¯p-hn-Sp-¶p. DbÀ¶ Af-hnepw iàn-bnepw DÅ tdUn-tb-js\ XS-bm³ ^e-{]-Z-amb kwhn-[m-\-§-fn-Ã. Ah icoc Ie-I-fn Ønc-amb amä-§Ä D­m-¡pw. tdUn-tb-j³  hgn-bp-­m-Ip¶ {]iv\-§Ä G¡p¶ hyàn-bn Xs¶ HXp§n \n¡msX hcpw-X-e-ap-d-I-fn P\n-XI hyXn-bm-\-§Ä D­m-¡m-\pÅ CS-bm-tb-¡mw.

        Hmtcm AWp-hnepw A]m-c-amb DuÀPw HXp-¡n-sh-¨mWv ssZhw {]]-©s¯ krjvSn-¨-Xv. BWh DuÀÖ-¯nsâ kmt¦-Xn-IX kzmb-¯-am-¡nb a\p-jy³ AXns\ {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. Nne-t¸mÄ Bäw t_mw_pt]mse i{Xp-kw-lm-c-¯n-\mbn; aän-S-§-fn kam-[m-\-]-c-amb DuÀtPm-Xv]m-Z-\-¯n-\v. BWh dnbm-IvS-dp-IÄ B[p-\nI cmPy-§Ä¡v Hgn-¨p-Iq-Sm\mIm¯ DuÀP-t{km-X-Êm-Wv. ]t£ Ah-bpsS AXoh k¦oÀ®-amb {]hÀ¯\ coXn-bn D­m-Ip¶ sNdnb Hcp ]mI-¸n-g-t¸mepw h³ {]Xym-Lm-X-§Ä¡v hgn-sX-fn-¡pw.

        sNÀtWm_n BW-h-Zp-c-´-¯nsâ (1986) bYmÀ° Imc-W-§Ä Ct¸mgpw Zpcq-l-ambn XpS-cp-¶p. Ahn-sSbpw Iqfâv k½À±-¯n-epÅ shÅ-am-bn-cp-¶p. B shÅw ]¼vsN-¿m³ {]tXyI tam«-dp-IÄ. sshZyqXn XI-cm-dp-­m-bm ]Icw kwhn-[m-\-ambn 3 Uok P\-td-ä-dp-IÄ D­m-bn-cp-¶p. F¶m HmWm-hm³ GI-tZiw 15 sk¡âpw ]qÀ® tXmXn ]¼nwKv \S-¯m³ 60-þ75 sk¡âp-Ifpw FSp-¡pw. F¶m AXyq-¶X Xm]-\n-e-bn Ccn-¡p¶ dnbm-IvSÀ tImdn\v C{Xbpw sNdnb ka-bw-t]mepw Iqfânsâ ]¼nwKv Ipd-ªm ]nSn-¨v\n¡m-\m-In-Ã.

        AXyp-{K³ kvt^mS-\-§Ä ]eXpw \S-¶p. BWh CÔ-\hpw, ^nj³ D¸-¶-§fpw A´-co-£-¯n ]SÀ¶p. Npäp-apÅ Pe-t{km-X-kp-Ifpw \Zn-Ifpw aen-\-am-bn. tdUn-tb-j³ `oj-Wn-bp-ambn BWh taL-§fpw ]pIbpw Ab cmPy-§Ä¡vaosX-sb-¯n. kvt^mS\w

        \S¶-tijw AhnsSsb¯nb Aán-i-a\ tk\mw-K-§fpw c£m-{]-hÀ¯-Icpw tdUn-tb-j³ Gäv acn-¨p. ¹mân-ep-­m-bn-cp¶ Bfp-I-fpsS ac-W-¯n\p ]pd-ta-bm-Wn-Xv.  Npäp-apÅ 30 Intem aoä-tdmfw {]tZ-i-¯p-\n¶pw P\-§sf Hgn-¸n¨v hmk-tbm-Ky-a-söv {]Jym-]n-¨p. hÀj-§Ä ]eXv Ign-ª-t¸mÄ Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\v sXmgn-em-fn-I-fp-tSbpw \nÀ½mW b{´-§-fp-tSbpw klm-b-¯m S¬I-W-¡n\v tIm¬{Ioäv C«v ¹mâv aqSn-I-f-ªp.

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