10:30 PM
വഴിയും സത്യവും മാസിക
Thursday, December 22, 2011
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ഫുകുഷിമയില് സംഭവിച്ചത്
`qI-¼hpw kp\m-anbpw BWhdn-bm-IvSdpw X½n-se-´mWv _Ôw? F´p-sIm-mWv C{X Znh-k-§Ä Ign-ªn«pw ^pIp-jn-a-bnse ØnXn \nb-{´-Wm-Xo-X-ambn XpS-cp-¶Xv? hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp¶ DuÀÖ Bh-iy-§Ä¡pÅ t]mwh-gn-bmbn Nqn-¡m-«p¶ BWh DuÀÖw Hcp kpc-£n-X-a-sÃt¶m?Cu tNmZy-§Ä¡v ]cn-an-X-amb \ne-bn-epÅ D¯-c-§Â tXSm³ \ap¡v {ian-¡mw.
dnbm-IvSÀ LS\
bptd-\nbw ssUtbm-IvsskUv (U235) AsÃ-¦n anIvkvUv HmIvsskUv BWv dnbm-IvSÀ C\v[-\w. Ch sNdnb Kpfn-I-I-fpsS cq]-¯n teml-Z-WvUp-IÄ¡p-Ån-emWv kq£n-¡pI. knÀt¡m-Wnbw teml-amWv ZWvUp-IÄ \nÀ½n-¡m³ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv. \ov kqNn-IÄt]m-se-bpÅ C¯cw CÔ-\-Z-WvUp-IÄ [mcmfw F®w tNÀ¯v sI«p-I-W-¡n\v dnbm-IvS-dnsâ Gähpw DÅn (tImÀ) h¨n-cn-¡pw. bptd-\nbw Bäw hnL-Sn-¡p-t¼mÄ [mcmfw Xm]w ]pd¯p hcpw. Cu {]hÀ¯-\s¯ ^nj³ F¶mWv hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv. ^nj³ {]hÀ¯\w \ne-\n¶p t]mI-W-sa-¦n \yqt{Sm-Wp-IÄ thWw. CXv Hcp \nb-{´nX sNbn³ dnbm-£³ BWv.
^pIp-jn-a-bn-teXv ‘t_mbn-enwKv hm«À dnbm-IvS-dp-’I-fm-Wv. AXm-bXv XWp-¸n-¡m³ ( Iqfâv) D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xv shÅ-am-Wv. shÅw CÔ\ ZWvUp-IÄ¡n-S-bn-eqsS IS-¶p-t]m-Ip-t¼mÄ Xm]w BKn-cWw sNbvXv Xnf-bv¡p-¶p. A§s\ [mcmfw Bhn-bp-m-Ip-¶p. Cu Bhn-bmWv SÀss_-\p-IÄ Id¡n sshZyqXn DZv]m-Z-\¯n\v D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv.
bptd-\nbw CÔ-¯nsâ ^nj³ {]hÀ¯-\-^-e-ambn [mcmfw Xm]w Dm-Ip-¶ps-¦nepw AXv apgp-h³ sshZypXn DZv]m-Z-\-¯n\v {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯m³ Ign-bn-Ã. ImcWw DuÀtPm¸m-Z-\-¯n-\pÅ Hcp imebpw \qdv iX-am\w Imcy-£-a-a-Ã. [mcmfw DuÀÖw ]mgm-bn-t¸m-Ipw. apgp-h³ Imcy-£-a-X-bpÅ (efficiency ) Hcp kwhn-[m-\hpw cq]-I-ev]\ sN¿m³ a\p-jy-\n-Xp-hsc km[n-¨n-«n-Ã. Hcp BWh dnbm-IvS-dnsâ Imcy-£-aX GI-tZiw 30-þ35 iX-am\w F¶mWv IW-¡m-¡p-¶-Xv. AXm-bXv dnbm-IvSÀ tImdn Dm-Ip¶ 65 þ70% Xm]w ]mgm-hp-I-bm-Wv. Cu Xm]w hfsc IrXy-ambn AhnsS \n¶pw \o¡w sNbvXn-sÃ-¦n AXn-`o-a-amb NqSn dnbm-IvSdv \in-¨p-t]m-Ipw.
dnbmIvS-dp-IÄ {]hÀ¯-\-£-a-am-Ip-¶-Xn\v \yqt{Sm-Wp-IÄ e`y-am-I-Ww. F¶m \yqt{Sm-Wp-I-fpsS F®w Hcp ]cn-[n-bn IqSn-bm sNbn³ dnbm-£³ ]cn[n IS-¡p-Ibpw s]m«n-s¯-dn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. \yqt{Sm-Wp-I-fpSw F®w \nb-{´n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn \nb-{´W ZWvUp-IÄ tImdn-\p-Ån sh¨n-«p-v. \nb-{´W ZWvUp-IÄ tImdn-\p-Ån-te¡v {]th-in-¸n-¨m Ah³ [mcmfw \yqt{Sm-Wp-Isf BKn-cWw sN¿p-¶Xp hgn sNbn dnbm-£³ \n¶p-t]m-hp-Ibpw dnbm-IvSÀ sshZypXn DZv]m-Z\w \nÀ¯p-Ibpw sN¿pw.
2011 amÀ¨v 11\v Zpc´w kw`-hn¨t¸mÄ Xs¶ \nb-{´W ZWvUp-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨v ^nj³ {]hÀ¯\w \nÀ¯n-sh-¨n-cp-¶p. F¶m hfsc DbÀ¶ NqSn \n¡p¶ dnbm-IvSÀ XWp-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Iqfâv XpSÀ¶pw \ÂIn-sIm-n-cn-¡-Ww. ^pIp-jn-a-bnse Iqfâv shÅ-am-Wv. CXv \nc-´cw ]¼v sN¿m-\mbn Uok sP\-td-äÀ thsd Øm]n-¨n-«p-v. A¶v `qI-¼-tijw Cu Uok P\-td-äÀ {]hÀ¯-\clnXamb-XmWv ^pIp-jn-asb C¶s¯ Ah-Ø-bn sIm-¯n-¨-Xv.
\nb-{´W ZWvUp-I-fpsS klm-b-¯m ^nj³ {]hÀ¯\w \nÀ¯n-sb-¦nepw CÔ-\-¯n DÅ ^nj³ D¸-¶-§-fmb Asbm-Un³ 131, koknbw 137, ¹qt«m-Wnbw 239 F¶nh AWp-hn-L-S\w XpSÀ¶p-sIm-n-cp-¶p. Cu {]hÀ¯\w [mcmfw Xm]w ]pd-¯p-hn-Sp¶ {]hÀ¯-\-§-fm-Wv. B {]hÀ¯\w \nÀ¯m³ ]cym-]vX-amb kwhn-[m-\-§Ä H¶p-an-Ã.
ap¼p-m-bn-cp¶ NqSpw ^nj³ DXv¸-¶-§-fpSw hnL-S\w hgn-bp-mb Xm]hpw \o¡w sN¿m³ Ign-bm-Xn-cp-¶Xv ØnXn AXn-thKw hj-fm-¡n. 10000  A[nIw NqSv hÀ²n-¡p-t¼mÄ bptd-\nbw CÔ\w Kpfn-Im-cq-]-¯n AI¯v kq£n-¨n-cn-¡p¶ knÀt¡-Wnbw ZWvUp-IÄ Dcp-Im³ CS-bm-¡n. A§s\ \ocm-hn-bp-am-bpÅ C\v[\ ZWvUp-I-fpSw {]Xn-{]-hÀ¯-\-^-e-ambn ssl{U-P³ hmXIw [mcmfw ]pd¯p-h-¶p. CXnsâ ^e-am-bmWv ssl{U-P³ kvt^mS-\-¯n-eqsS ^pIp-jna dnbm-IvS-dp-I-fpSw AXn-i-à-amb tIm¬{Ioä ta¡q-c-IÄ XIÀ¶p-t]m-b-Xv.
ISÂPew ]¼vsNbvXv AIs¯ Xm]w Ipd-bv¡m³ {iaw \S-¯n-bn-cp-¶p. F¦nepw CÔ\ ZWvUpIfpsS AXn ITn-\-amb Xm]w ImcWw Ah Dcp-Im³ XpS-§n. CÔ\w Dcp-In-sbm-en-¨m AXp-aqew AXy´w `oI-c-amb ØnXn-hn-tijw kwPm-X-am-Ipw.
dnbm-IvS-dp-I-fnse D¶-X-Xm]w \nb-{´n-¡m\pw AXp-hgn Hcp h³ BW-h-kvt^m-S\w Hgn-hm-¡m\pw A£oW {]bXv\w sN¿p-I-bmWv P¸m³. A´m-cmjv{S BW-thmÀP GP³knbpw Zn\w tXmdpw ØnXn-K-Xn-IÄ Ah-tem-I\w sN¿p-¶p-v. Hcn-¡Â temI¯v CZw-]-Y-a-am-bp-mb BWh t_mwt_m-{I-a-W-¯nsâ bmX-\-IÄ Xe-apd Xe-ap-d-tbmfw A\p-`-hn-¨-h-cmWv P¸m-\ns\ P\-§Ä. BW-thmÀÖw kam-[m-\-]-c-amb Bh-iy-§Ä¡p-th-n-am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ ZrU-\n-Ýbw sNbvX B P\-X-bpsS ]cn-{i-a-§Ä k^-e-am-Im³ \ap¡pw {]mÀ°n-¡mw.
tdUn-tb-j³
F´mWv tdUn-tb-j³?
DuÀP IWn-I-IÄ k©-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-s\-bmWv tdUn-tb-j³ F¶v ]d-bp-¶-Xv. tdUn-tb-j\v k©-cn-¡m³ Ft¸mgpw am[yaw Bh-iy-an-Ã. iq\y-Ø-e-¯n-eq-sSbpw k©-cn-¡m³ tdUn-tb-j-\m-Ipw. s]mXpth cp Xcw tdUn-tb-j-\p-I-fp-v. Ab-Wo-I-c-W-ti-jn-bp-ÅXpw AÃm-¯-Xp-amWv Cu cp Xcw. Ab-Wo-I-c-W-ti-jnbpÅ tdUn-tb-j-\p-IÄ IqSp-X A]-I-S-Im-cn-I-fm-Wv. FIvkv sd, Kmam- sd, tImkvanIv sd F¶nh DZm-l-c-W-§Ä. Ab-Wo-I-c-W-ti-jn-bn-Ãm¯ tdUn-tb-jsâ Iq«-¯n-emWv {]Im-ihpw samss_ Xcw-K-§fpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶-Xv.
FIvkv sdbpw Kmam sdbpw X½n ASn-Øm-\-]-c-amb hyXym-k-§-sfm-¶p-an-Ã. hkvXp-¡sf Xpf-¨p-I-S-¡m\pw IS-¶p-t]m-Ip¶ hkvXp-¡-fn Atbm-Wp-Isf Dm-¡m\pw Ahbv¡v tijn-bp-v. FIvkv civan-IÄ Bä-¯nsâ \yq¢n-b-kn\v ]pd¯v\n¶pw ]pd-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ Kmam civan-IÄ \yq¢n-b-kn-\-I-¯p-\n-¶m-Wv. AXm-WhX½n-epÅ hyXym-kw. D¶X Bäw \¼-dpÅ AØn-c-amb Bä-§Ä hnL-Sn¨v sNdp-Xm-Ip-t¼mÄ Ah Kmam civan-IÄ ]pd-¯p-hn-Sp-¶p. DbÀ¶ Af-hnepw iàn-bnepw DÅ tdUn-tb-js\ XS-bm³ ^e-{]-Z-amb kwhn-[m-\-§-fn-Ã. Ah icoc Ie-I-fn Ønc-amb amä-§Ä Dm-¡pw. tdUn-tb-j³ hgn-bp-m-Ip¶ {]iv\-§Ä G¡p¶ hyàn-bn Xs¶ HXp§n \n¡msX hcpw-X-e-ap-d-I-fn P\n-XI hyXn-bm-\-§Ä Dm-¡m-\pÅ CS-bm-tb-¡mw.
Hmtcm AWp-hnepw A]m-c-amb DuÀPw HXp-¡n-sh-¨mWv ssZhw {]]-©s¯ krjvSn-¨-Xv. BWh DuÀÖ-¯nsâ kmt¦-Xn-IX kzmb-¯-am-¡nb a\p-jy³ AXns\ {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. Nne-t¸mÄ Bäw t_mw_pt]mse i{Xp-kw-lm-c-¯n-\mbn; aän-S-§-fn kam-[m-\-]-c-amb DuÀtPm-Xv]m-Z-\-¯n-\v. BWh dnbm-IvS-dp-IÄ B[p-\nI cmPy-§Ä¡v Hgn-¨p-Iq-Sm\mIm¯ DuÀP-t{km-X-Êm-Wv. ]t£ Ah-bpsS AXoh k¦oÀ®-amb {]hÀ¯\ coXn-bn Dm-Ip¶ sNdnb Hcp ]mI-¸n-g-t¸mepw h³ {]Xym-Lm-X-§Ä¡v hgn-sX-fn-¡pw.
sNÀtWm_n BW-h-Zp-c-´-¯nsâ (1986) bYmÀ° Imc-W-§Ä Ct¸mgpw Zpcq-l-ambn XpS-cp-¶p. Ahn-sSbpw Iqfâv k½À±-¯n-epÅ shÅ-am-bn-cp-¶p. B shÅw ]¼vsN-¿m³ {]tXyI tam«-dp-IÄ. sshZyqXn XI-cm-dp-m-bm ]Icw kwhn-[m-\-ambn 3 Uok P\-td-ä-dp-IÄ Dm-bn-cp-¶p. F¶m HmWm-hm³ GI-tZiw 15 sk¡âpw ]qÀ® tXmXn ]¼nwKv \S-¯m³ 60-þ75 sk¡âp-Ifpw FSp-¡pw. F¶m AXyq-¶X Xm]-\n-e-bn Ccn-¡p¶ dnbm-IvSÀ tImdn\v C{Xbpw sNdnb ka-bw-t]mepw Iqfânsâ ]¼nwKv Ipd-ªm ]nSn-¨v\n¡m-\m-In-Ã.
AXyp-{K³ kvt^mS-\-§Ä ]eXpw \S-¶p. BWh CÔ-\hpw, ^nj³ D¸-¶-§fpw A´-co-£-¯n ]SÀ¶p. Npäp-apÅ Pe-t{km-X-kp-Ifpw \Zn-Ifpw aen-\-am-bn. tdUn-tb-j³ `oj-Wn-bp-ambn BWh taL-§fpw ]pIbpw Ab cmPy-§Ä¡vaosX-sb-¯n. kvt^mS\w
\S¶-tijw AhnsSsb¯nb Aán-i-a\ tk\mw-K-§fpw c£m-{]-hÀ¯-Icpw tdUn-tb-j³ Gäv acn-¨p. ¹mân-ep-m-bn-cp¶ Bfp-I-fpsS ac-W-¯n\p ]pd-ta-bm-Wn-Xv. Npäp-apÅ 30 Intem aoä-tdmfw {]tZ-i-¯p-\n¶pw P\-§sf Hgn-¸n¨v hmk-tbm-Ky-a-söv {]Jym-]n-¨p. hÀj-§Ä ]eXv Ign-ª-t¸mÄ Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\v sXmgn-em-fn-I-fp-tSbpw \nÀ½mW b{´-§-fp-tSbpw klm-b-¯m S¬I-W-¡n\v tIm¬{Ioäv C«v ¹mâv aqSn-I-f-ªp.
Saturday, May 21, 2011
സുനാമി തിരകള് പറയുന്നത്
ജപാനിലുണ്ടായ ഭൂകമ്പവും സുനാമിയും അതിന് ശേഷം ഉണ്ടായ ഫുകുഷിമ ആന്നവരിയ്ക്ട്ടര് പ്രതിസന്ധിയുമെല്ലാം ലോകത്ത്തെയകമാനം പിടിച്ചുലച്ച സംഭാവങ്ങലണ്ണ് . അവയുടെ പശ്ചാത്തലത്തില് നടത്തുന്ന ഒരു വിചിന്തനം
P¸m-\nse sk³Umbn knän-lmÄ. ImWm-Xm-bhsc¡p-dn-¨p-ff Adn-hp-I-fpw- hn-h-c-§fpw B hnim-e-amb lmfnsâ `n¯n-I-fnepw hmXn-ep-I-fn-ep-saÃmw \ndsb ]Xn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. A¡q-«-¯n Gähpw lrZ-b-t`-Z-I-amb H¶v C§s\ hmbn¡mw: “ Fsâ {]nb-¦-cn-bmb `mcybpw \h-Pm-X-\mb aI\pw Cu henb kp\m-an-bn \jvS-s¸-«pt]mbn. F¶mepw Rm\n-t¸mgpw Ah-cpsS Ah-cpsS A`n-am-\n-bmb `À¯mhpw ]nXmhpw Xs¶-bm-Wv. Hm, CXv hfsc ITn-\-amWv Fs¶-\n-¡-dn-bmw..... ]s£ \mamcpw aSp¯p-t]m-I-cpXv!” ASnbn ‘Fkv’ F¶ Hä-b-£-c-¯n-ep-ff H¸p am{Xw. c£m-{]-hÀ¯-\-§-fn ]qÀ®-k-a-bhpw apgp-In-bn-cn-¡p¶ k¶² tkh-I-\mb Hcp sNdp-¸-¡m-c³ tImdn-bn-«-XmWv Cu s\m¼-c-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ hcn-IÄ
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ap³]v hmcm-´y-§Ä sNe-h-gn-¡m-s\-¯p-¶-h-cpsS kt´mjmcm-h-§-fn ap§n-t¸m-Ip-am-bn-cp¶p sk³U-bnse FbÀt]mÀ«v _uÄ. hnt\m-Z-¯n\pw B\-µ-¯n\pw BtLm-j-¯n-\p-ambn P¸m³ IpSpw-_-§Ä AhnsS Iq«-ambn F¯p-am-bn-cp-¶p. F¶m Ct¸m-g-hnsS XnIª aqI-X-bmWvþiva-im\ aqI-X. Znh-k-§Ä ap¼v hsc _ufnMv ]cn-io-e\w \S¶ AhnsS Ct¸mÄ I_-Ô-§Ä \nc¶p InS-¡p-¶p. hr¯nbp-ff s]«nI-fn \nc-\n-c-bmb arX-tZ-l-§Ä InS-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. GI-tZiw 200  A[nIw s]«n-IÄ. BImi \oe hÀ®¯nep-ff B s]«n-IÄ¡v Htc cq]w FÃm-än\pw apIÄ`m-K¯v Hcp Infn-hm-Xn-ep-v. s]«n-¡p-f-fnse arX-tZlw Xncn¨dnbm-\m-W-Xv. Bfp-IÄ hcn-h-cn-bmbn A¨-S-¡-t¯msS IS¶p t]mIp-¶p. CS-bv¡nsS Db-cp¶ AS-¡n-¸n-Sn-¨p-ff Ic-¨n F´ns\ kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶p-sh-¶Xv hyà-am-Wv: Bsctbm Xncn-¨-dn-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. Hcp A½-tbm, ktlm-Z-c-t\m, ]nXmthm Bcpam-Imw. XnIª anXXzamÀ¶ hnIm-c-{]-I-S-\-§Ä. Xncn¨dn-ª s]«n-I-fpsS ]pd¯v t]sc-gp-Xn-sbm-«n-¡pw. IpSpw_mwK§Ä A´y-sam-gn-sNm-Ãn-¡-gn-ªm s]«n-bpsS Infn-hm-Xn-e-S-bv¡pw. ]ns¶-bXv kwkvIm-c-¯n-\mbn sImp-t]m-Ipw.
kwkvIm-c-¯n-\mbn hnim-amb Hcp {]tZiw a®p amän Ipgn-¨n-«n-cn-¡p-¶p. IrXy-amb AI-e-¯n ss¹hpUv joäp-IÄ hncn¨v IÅn Xncn-¨n-«p-v. cv joäp-IÄ¡n-S-bn Hcp s]«n sh¡m\pff CSw am{Xw. ChnsS \qdp-I-W-¡n\v P¸m³Im-cpsS A´y-hn-{ia Øew Hcp-§p-I-bm-Wv. P¸msâ Ncn-{X-¯nse BZys¯ Iq«kw-kvImcw.
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\t«m-d-bnse Xt«-sImjv Fe-aâdn kvIqÄ. kv{XoIfpw Ip«n-I-fp-a-S¡w 272 t]À AhnsS A`bw tXSn-bn-«p-v. aWn-¡q-dp-IÄ ap¼v hfsc kar-²n-bnepw kpc-£n-X-Xz-¯nepw Ign-ª-h-cm-W-hÀ. `{Zamb km¼-¯nI \ne, k©-cn-¡m³ Gähpw B[p-\nI Imdp-IÄ, Gähpw \qX-\-amb kwhn-[m-\-§Ä `h-\-§-fnÂ. C§s\ temI-¯nse Gähpw k¼-¶-amb cmPy-§-fnsem¶n Xr]vX-cmbn Ignªncp¶ Ah-cn-t¸mÄ Xe Nmbv¡m³ CS-an-ÃmsX kvIqÄ apdn-bn tXSnbn-cn-¡p¶p. DSp-Xp-Wn¡v apdp-Xp-Wn-bn-ÃmsX, acw tIm¨p¶ XWp-¸ns\ {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡m³ I¼n-fn-bn-ÃmsX ac-¸-e-I-I-fn InS-¶p-d-§p-¶p.
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2011 amÀ¨v 11 \v P¸m-\n-ep-mb AXn-i-à-amb `qI-¼hpw XpSÀ¶p-mb kp\m-anbpw temI-s¯-bm-I-am\w ]nSn-¨p-Ip-ep-¡nb kw`-h-§-fm-Wv. Ccp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-¯n-e-[nIw Poh\pw ]Xn-\©v e£w tImSn cq]-bn-e-[nIw km¼-¯nI \jvShpw, AXn-se-Ãm-tasd Zpcn-X-§fpw, Zp:Jhpw, apdn-¸m-Sp-I-fp-sa-Ãm-am-Wv. B Zpc-´-¯nsâ _m¡n ]{Xw. CXp-t]m-ep-ff Zpc-´-§Ä hcp-t¼mÄ Fhn-sStbm BÀt¡m kw`-hn-¨-Xv, Fs¶-bXv _m[n-¡nà F¶ a«n-ep-ff \nkw-KX \ap¡v H«pw `qj-W-a-Ã. P¸msâ Zp:Jw a\pjyIpe-¯nsâ Zp:Jam-Wv. P¸m³ Zpc´w P¸m³ Zpc´w \ÂIp¶ ]mT§Ä \ap-¡p-ff ]mT-am-Wv.
Db-cp¶ tNmZy-§Ä
{]IrXn FXn-cm-Ip-t¼mgpw a\p-jy³ \nÊm-lm-b-\m-Ip-t¼mgpw Nne tNmZy-§Ä DbÀ¶p hcpw. BZys¯ tNmZyw kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw ssZh-¯nsâ ]¦n-s\-¡p-dn-¨p-f-f-Xmbncn-¡pw. a\p-jysâ \nb-{´-W-¯n\pw D]-cn-bmb Imcy-§fn ssZh-¯nsâ t\cn-«p-ff CS-s]-S DmIpw F¶ kmam\y \nco-j-W-¯n \n¶mWv Cu tNmZy-§Ä Db-cp-¶-Xv.
hÀjw 1755, enk-_¬. Hcp e£-¯n-e-[nIw a\p-jy-cpsS Poh-\-]-l-cn-¨p-sImv h³`q-I-¼hpw AtX XpSÀ¶v kp\m-an-bp-ap-m-bn. {]ikvX XXz-Nn-´-I-\mb thmÄ«-bÀ C§s\ tNmZn¨p; “kI-e-scbpw klm-bn-¡p¶, alm-\p-`m-h-\mb Hcp ssZhw Ds-¦n Cu k¦-S-th-f-bn Ah³ Fhn-sS-bmWv? Cu ImgvN-IÄ Ah³ ImWp-¶ntÃ?”
t]mÀ¨p-K Zpc-´-¯nsâ Ae-b-Sn-IÄ bqtdm-]y³ cmPy-§-sf-bm-I-am\w kzm[o-\n-¨-Xmbn ]n¡me Ncn{Xw ]d-bp-¶p. {^m³kn-sebpw PÀ½-\n-bn-ep-ap-mb hn¹-h-§-fnÂ, Cw¥n shÉnam-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-¯n \S¶ Bßob DWÀÆn-ep-saÃmw t]mÀ¨p-K Zpc´w kzm[o\w sNep-¯n.
Zpc-´-§-fn ssZh-¯nsâ ]s¦´v F¶ tNmZyw t]mse Xs¶ ià-ambn Db-cp¶ cm-as¯ tNmZy-amWv a\p-jysâ ]s¦´v F¶-Xv. C¯-c-samcp Zpc´w tNmZn¨p hm§n-b-XmtWm? CXv Hcp P\-X-bv¡p-ff ssZhoI in£-bmtWm? enkv_¬ Zpc-´-¯nsâ ]Ým-¯-e-¯n Pkyq«v {]kw-Kn-bm-bn-cp¶ aem-{KnUm C§s\ ]dªp: “enkv_tW tIÄ¡p-I, \ns¶bpw \nsâ P\-§-sfbpw hoSp-I-sfbpw FÃmw XIÀ¯p If-ªXv \nsâ shdp-¡-s¸« ]m]-§-fmWv.” {]IrXn XmWvUham-Sp-¶n-S-§-fn-seÃmw kam\ {]kvXm-h-\-IÄ Db-cm-dpv. a\pjy kwhn-[m-\-§-fpsS Ønc-X-sb¡pdn¨p-ff tNmZy-§fpw Cu ]Ým¯e-¯n {]k-à-am-bh Xs¶bmWv. kmaq-lnI {Iao-I-c-W-§fpw kpc-£m-]-²-Xn-I-fp-sams¡ B{i-bn-¡m³ ]cym-]vX-amtWm F¶Xv Akz-Ø-am-¡p¶ tNmZy-§m-Wv. ‘tSm¡ntbm Ce-Iv{SnIv ]hÀ tImÀ¸-td-j³’ Gähpw Imcy-£-a-ambn {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Øm]\§fn-sem-¶m-Wv. F¶m hfsc {]tbm-P\w sNbvX B I¼\n ]t£ C¶v \mSnsâ t]Sn kz]v\-ambn amdn-t¸m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
ssZhw \nkw-K-X-\Ã
{]IrXn kwlmc ZqXsâ thj-a-Wn-bp-t¼mÄ \nkw-KX-\mb kwhn-[m-b-Isâ thj-amtWm ssZh-¯n-\p-f-fXv? AsÃ-¦n t\cn«v CS-s]-Sm³ Ign-bm¯ hn[w _e-lo-\-\m-tWm. ssZhw?
Hcp hm¡ntem hfsc Ffp-¸-¯ntem D¯cw Xcm³ km[n-¡m¯ hn[w k¦oÀ®-amWv kml-N-cyw. ]t£ AXn-\m D¯-c-§Ä CsÃ-¶À°-an-Ã. Cu {]]-©-¯nse kIe {]iv\-§-fp-sSbpw ]n¶n a\p-jy ]m]-¯n\v ]¦p-v. AXp-sImv Xs¶ ]m]hpw hogn-Nbpw AXnsâ ]cn-lm-c-amb hos-Sp¸pw Hgn¨p \nÀ¯n-sImv {]IrXn Zpc-´-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v kwkm-cn-¨m AXv A]qÀ®-am-bn-cn-¡pw. ss__nÄ {]IrXn Zpc-´-§sftbm, a\p-jy-hy-Y-I-sftbm al-Xz-h-XvI-cn-¡p-¶n-Ã. ss__n-fnsâ ssZhtam a\pjy k¦-S-§-fn \nkw-K-\-Ã. ImgvN-¡m-csâ tdmfn amdn-\n¡p-¶-h-\p-aÃ. Ahn-Sp¶v a\p-jy-cpsS k¦-S-§-fn H¸w \n¡p-¶-h-\m-Wv. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS alm-Zp-c-´-§-f-S-¡-ap-ff kIe {]iv\-§Ä¡pw k¼qÀ®-amb ]cn-lmcw IÀ¯m-hmb tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-eqsS ssZhw Hcp-¡n-bn-«p-v. ssZhw a\p-jy-\mbn Hcp-¡n-bn-cn-¡p¶ al-¯mb c£m ]²Xn hnim-e-amb Nn{X¯nsâ ]Ým-¯-e-¯n \n¶v sImv ho£n-¡p-t¼mÄ {]IrXn Zpc-´-§Ä¡v XnI¨pw hyXy-Ø-amb e£yhpw AÀ°hpw Is-¯m³ \ap-¡m-Ipw.
\ma-h-cnepw anI-¨-h-c-Ã.
P¸m\v FXn-cm-bp-ff ssZh-¯nsâ \ymb-hn[nbmWv Cu kw`hw F¶v {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-h-cp-v. F¶m ssZhoI {]hÀ¯-\-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v \ap¡v ]qÀ®-ambn Adn-bm-¯n-S-t¯mfw A§-s\-sbmcp \nK-a-\-¯n-se-¯m³ \ap¡v A\p-hm-Z-an-Ã. {]IrXn-tbbpw {]Xn-`m-k-§-sfbpw Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ ssZh-¯n\v Ignbpw F¶-Xn kwi-b-an-Ã. F¶m Cu {]tXyI Zpc-´-¯nsâ e£y-sa-s´¶ tNmZy-¯n-\p-¯cw \ap-¡-dn-bnà F¶-tX-bp-f-fq. AXn-\m ssZhoI ]²--Xn-Isf \½psS `mh-\-¡-\p-k-cn¨v hymJym-\n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-I-bmWv hnth-I-a-XnIÄ sNt¿--Xv.
iotem-lo-anse tKm]pcw hoWv 18 t]À acn¨ kw`hw ]cm-aÀin-¨p-sImv (eq-t¡mkv 13:1þ5) IÀ¯mhmb tbip-{InkvXp C§s\ tNmZn¨p : “B ]Xn-s\«p t]À sbcp-i-te-an ]mÀ¡p¶ kIe a\p-jy-cnepw Ipä-¡mÀ Bbn-cp¶p F¶p tXm¶p-¶pthm?” D¯-chpw Ahn-Sp¶v Xs¶ \ÂIn: “AÃ-Ã, am\-km-´-c-s¸-Sm-Xn-cp-¶m \n§-Ä FÃm-hcpw A§-s\- Xs¶ \in¨p t]mIpw” F¶p Rm³ \n§-tfmSp ]d-bp-¶p.
\½psS t\«§Ä imizX-aÃ
A{]Xo£n-X-ambn h¶p-`-hn-¡p¶ C¯cw Zpc-´§Ä \s½ bmYmÀ°y-§fpsS temI-t¯¡v aS-¡n-sImp hcp-¶p. Cu `qan-bn \mw t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-h-sbm¶pw imiz-X-aÃ. Ft¶¡pw \ne-\n¡Ww F¶ Xmev]-cy-t¯msS Bg-¯n-te¡v Dd-¸n¨v Db-c-¯n-te¡v ]WnXp s]m¡p¶ Aw_cNpw_n-IÄ dnIvSÀ kvsIbn-ense F«n-se-t¸mepw AXn-Po-hn-¡nà F¶Xv I®p Xpd-¸n-t¡ bmYmÀ°y-am-Wv. \½psS kIe \nÀ½m-W-§-fpsS B[m-c-amb `qan Xs¶ Cf-Im³ XpS-§n-bm F´p sN¿pwþ ImÂNhp«n \n¡m³ ]mZ-¯n-\-Sn-bn Dd-¸p-ff a®n-sÃ-¦n \msa-§s\ \s«-Ãp-bÀ¯n \nhÀ¶p \n¡pw? Hmtcm `qan-Ip-ep-¡hpw \s½ HmÀ½n-¸n-¡p¶ hne-tb-dnb kXy-§-fn-sem¶v `qan-bpsS Cu Dd-¸n-Ãmbva Xs¶-bm-Wv. Cf¡w hcp-¶-h-sbÃmw amtd--h-bm-Wv. Cf-Im¯Xv am{X-am-Wv imiz-Xw. ssZhw Cf-Im¯, Dd-¸p-ff Hcp cmPyw Øm]n-¡p-¶p-v. “BI--bm Cf-Im¯ cmPyw {]m]n-¡p-¶-Xp-sImv \mw \µn-bp-f-f-h-cmbn ssZh-¯n\v {]kmZw hcp-amdv `àn-tbmSpw `b-t¯mSpw IqsS tkh sN¿pI” (F{_mbÀ 12:28).
\-ap-¡p-f-fXv Cu PohnXw am{X-aÃ
ZmÀÈnI-\mb C½m-\p-th Imâv enk-_¬ Zpc-´-¯nsâ ]Ým-¯-e-¯n ]d-ªXv {it²-b-am-Wv. Cu kw`-hs¯ {]tbm-P-\-I-c-amb \ne-bn ImWWw F¶ \ne-]m-SmWv At±-l-¯n-tâ-Xv. ssZh-¯nsâ e£y-sa-s´¶v \ap-¡-dn-bn-Ã. AXv \½psS _p²n-sImv a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Akm-[y-hp-am-Wv. F¶m C¯cw Zpc-´-§Ä \mw Cu Pohn-X-¯n\p am{X-ap-f-f-h-cà F¶ kXyw HmÀ½n-¸n-¡p-¶p. Cu ImWp-¶Xv am{X-amWv Pohn-X-¯nse FÃmw F¦n AXv hÃm¯ IjvSw Xs¶ A\o-Xnbpw Ak-a-Xzhpw Agn-a-Xnbpw \mSp-hm-gp-¶n-S-¯p- \n¶pw [mÀ½n-I-Xbpw kXy-k-Ô-Xb-pw \nbahnt[-b-Xbpw hne-a-Xn-¡p-¶n-S-t¯¡v F¯m³ B{K-lantÃ? \oXnbpw \ymbhpw `c-W-¯nsâ B[m-c-in-e-I-fm-Ip¶ asämcp `cWw hcpw. \nXy-X-bpsS kpµ-c-Xo-cs¯ ]pW-cp-¶Xv kz]v\w Ip-sImv Cu Pohn-Xw {Ia-s¸-Sp-¯m³ C¯cw kw`-h-§Ä CS-bm-¡-s«. Ft¸mÄ thW-sa-¦nepw Ah-km-\n-¡p¶ £W-`w-Kp-c-amb Cl-tem-I-Po-hnXw Hcp t\ÀIm-gvN sXfnªv \n¡p-t¼mÄ \nXy-X-¡mbn Hcp-§ntbm F¶ tNmZyw Gähpw {]k-à-am-Ip-¶p.
“\mw Cu Bbp-Ên am{Xw {InkvXp-hn {]Xymi sh¨n-cn-¡p-¶p F¦n kIe a\p-jy-cnepw Acn-jvS-·m-ct{X” (1sImcn 15:19).
ap³K-W-\-I-Ä {Ia-s¸-Sp¯mw
GXv {]Xn-k-Ônbpw A{]-Xo-£n-X-ambn h¶p-`-hn-¡p-t¼mÄ Pohn-X-¯nse ap³K-W-\-IÄ amdn adnbpw. Hcp ]t£ Zpc-´-§Ä A\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶-Xnsâ ]n¶nse ssZhoI Xmev]-cy-¯n\v ]n¶nepw C¡m-cy-ap-m-bn-cn-¡mw. Pohn-X-¯nsâ e£yw, XmÂ]cyw, B{Klw F¶nh kw_-Ôn¨v Hcp ]p\-cm-tem-N-\¡v Gähpw ]änb ka-b-amWv Zpc´ tij-ap-ff CS-th-f. `uXoI AXn-{]-k-c-amWv C¶nsâ ssien. ]W-amWv FÃm-än\pw hnt[-Xm-hv. F¶m Cu kw`-h-§Ä B XXzimkv{X¯nsâ s]mf-f-¯cw shfn-hm-¡p-¶p. ]Ww PohnX kpc-£nXzw Dd-¸m¡pw F¶ [mcW \nan-j-t\cw sImv s]mfn--ªXv \mw Ip. P¸m-\nse A`-bmÀ°n Iym¼p-I-fn hep¸ sNdp-¸-an-Ã. km¼-¯nI D¶-Xn-bn A`n-am-\n-¨-hÀ, kmt¦-XnI hnZy-bpsS hfÀ¨-bn Duäw sIm-hÀ Ct¸mÄ iq\y-amb Ic-§-tfmsS kÀ¡mÀ `£-W-¯n-\mbn Iyq \n¡p-¶p. CXv \ap-s¡mcp ]mT-am-Wv. ]W-¯nsâ Gä-hpw \à D]-tbm-K-sa-s´¶v tbip-{InkvXp ]d-ªn-«pv: “]Ww sImv \n§Ä¡v kvt\ln-X-·msc Dm¡n sImf-f-phn³ F¶p Rm³ \n§-tfmSv ]d-bp-¶p. AXv CÃmsXbmIpt¼mÄ Ah³ \nXy-Iq-Sm-c-§-fn \n§sf tNÀ¯p-sIm-f-fp-hm³ CS-bmIpw” (eq-t¡mkv 16:19)
`b-¡Ww; ]t£ Bsc?
cm£-km-Imcw ]qv Xoc-¯p-ff kI-e-Xn-s\bpw XIÀs¯-dn-bm³ tijn-tbmsS Ic-bn-te-¡-edn hcp¶ kp\man Xnc-am-e-Isf BcmWv `b-¡m-¯Xv? \qäm-p-IÄ \ne-\n¡m³ thn Dd-t¸msS ]Wn-Xp-bÀ¯nb ku[-§-fÄ No«p sIm«mcw t]mse XIÀ¶p hogp-t¼mÄ, DuÀÖt{kmX-Êp-I-fmb BWh \ne-b-§Ä B]-XvI-c-amb tdUn-tb-j³ Dd-hn-S-ambn amdp-t¼mÄ BcmWv sR«n-¯-cn-¡m-¯Xv? `b-¸m-Snsâ ImgvN-I-fmWv \mw Ip sImn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
]t£ CXv XmevIm-enIw am{X-am-Wv. Nne \mfp-IÄ Ign-bp-t¼mÄ P\w CXv ad-¡pw. P¸m\pw AXv ad-¡m-\p-ff {Xo{h-{i-a-¯n-em-Wv. ap³]v cmw temI alm-bp-²-¯nsâ Ah-km\ \mfp-I-fnÂXe-s]m-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ hn[w Nhp-«n-t¯-bv¡-s¸« Ah-Ø-bn \n¶pw Akq-bmÀlamw hn[w DbÀ¶p h¶ þHcp Ncn{Xw AhÀ¡p-v. AXp-sIm-v. AhÀ thKw ]qÀÆ-ØnXn {]m]n-¡pw. AXv Bh-iyhpw \Ã-Xp-am-Wv. ]t£ AXn-\p-ff X{X-]m-Sn A `bw hn«p-I-f-b-cp-Xv. `oj-Wn-bpsS km¶n-[y-ap-fft¸mfp-m-Ip¶ `b-s¯-¡-dn-¨Ã ]d-bp-¶-Xv. {]IrXn Zpc-´-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨p-ff `b-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p-aÃ. `b-t¡-Xv {]Ir-Xnsb Aà {]]-©-{k-jvSm-hmb ssZh-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p-ff `b-amWv \mw \jvS-¸-SmsX kq£n-t¡--Xv. aäp-ff kIe `b-§-fn \n¶pw \ap¡v tamN\w Xcp-¶Xv kÀÆ ià-\mb ssZh-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p-ff `b-am-Wv. \jvS-s¸-«p-sIm-n-cn-¡p¶ B `bw \ap¡v hos-Sp-¡mw.
“btlmth, X§Ä aÀXy-ct{X F¶p PmXn-IÄ Adn-tb--Xn\v AhÀ¡v `bw hcp-t¯-Wta” (k¦o 9:19)
Tuesday, May 10, 2011
Friday, May 6, 2011
ഹീറോ
Iem-e-b-¯nsâ CS-\m-gnI-fn apg-§n-t¡« B ap{Zm-hmIyw F¶nsehn-sStbm Dd-§n-¡n-S¶ hocm-cm-[-\-bpsS _oPs¯ apIp-f-a-Wn-bn-¨p. A§s\ Rm\pw hn¹-h-{]-Øm-\-¯n AwK-am-bn... ap¶-Wn-{]hÀ¯-I-\mbn. F\n-¡p-am-{X-a-Ã, hoc-·mÀ AYhm "lotdm" IÄ, F¶pw a\p-jysâ Bcm-[-\m-]m-{X-§-fm-Wv. AhÀ tIhew IY-Itfm IYm-]m-{X-§tfm AÃ. adn-¨v, GXp-a-\p-jy-sâbpw A´-¡-c-W-¯n Bte-J\w sN¿-s¸-«n-«pÅ hnNm-chpw hnIm-c-hp-am-Wv. cmjv{Sobambmepw Imbn-I-am-bmepw Iebmbmepw CX-c- IÀ½cwK-§-fm-bmepw "lotdm" IÄ a\p-jy\v Bth-i-am-Wv. A]qÀ®-X-I-fn ]qÀ®X tXSp-¶... A]-Iz-X-bn ]IzX B{K-ln-¡p-¶... sN¿p-hm³ CÑn-¡p¶ \· sN¿p-hm³ Ign-bm¯ a\p-jysâ kz]v\-¯nse \mb-I-cmW-hÀ. A§s\, Pohn-X-¯nsâ `mchpw t]dn-bpÅ a\p-jy-{]-bm-W-¯n ]n¶n-se-t¸mtgm Fhn-sStbm Dt]-£n-¡p-hm³ \nÀº-Ôn-X-am-bn-XoÀ¶ kz]v\-§fpsS km£m-XvImcw \mw Cu "lotdm" Ifn Is-¯p-¶p. A{`-]m-fn-I-fn Imap-I-\mbpw tbm²m-hmbpw \oXn-bpsS ImhÂ`-S-\mbpw ap¶n-se-¯p¶ "lotdm" HcÀ°-¯n \½Ä Xs¶-bm-Wv; k¨n-\pw, saÊn-bpw, s^U-dpw, \mw kz]v\w ImWp¶ \½nse \½Ä Xs¶-bm-Wv.
"lotdm" F¶ hm¡nsâ thcp-IÄ Xnc-ªp-t]m-bm {Ko¡nse 'tlbvtdmkv'(heros) F¶ \ma-¯n sNs¶-¯pw. {Ko¡p-Im-cpsS CS-bn Cu \ma-¯n\v AÀl-X-bp-m-bn-cp-¶Xv, {]Xn-Iq-e-§-fnepw B]-XvL-«-§-fnepw am\-h-Pm-XnbpsS s]mXp-\-·-bv¡mbn [oc-Xbpw kzb-Xym-Khpw {]ZÀin-¸n-¡p¶-hÀ¡m-Wv. Ch-cn Imbn-I-anI-hn-t\-¡mÄ kz`m-h-ssh-in-jvSyw hnf-§n-\n-¶n-cp-¶p. F¶m C¶s¯ IY hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. [mÀ½n-I-aq-Ãy-§Ä Nh-äp-sIm-«-I-fn hen-s¨-dnª B[p-\nI a\p-jy³, IÀ½w am{XamWv Hcp-hs\ "lotdm" Bbn IW-¡m-¡p-hm³ kzoI-cn-¡p¶ am\-Z-WvUw. hyànbpsS kz`m-h-t{i-jvT-Xtbm IÀ½-¯nsâ Dt±-iy-s¯tbm ]cn-K-Wn¡-¶tXbn-Ã. AXp-sIm-v C¶v GXp "kotdm"IÄ¡pw "lotdm" BImw. bYmÀ° "lotdm" IÄ a\p-jy-Po-hnX-¯n\p \ÂIp¶ kw`m-h-\-IÄ C¶s¯ A`n-\h "lotdm" Ifn \n¶pw {]Xo-£n-t¡--Xn-Ã. ChÀ tIhew D]-cn-¹-h-amb sshIm-cnI then-tbäw krjvSn¨v hnkvar-Xn-bnte¡v hnc-an-¡p¶ sImÅn-bm-\p-IÄ am{X-am-Wv; Xmc-§-f-Ã. Xmc-§fpsS X\n-a-bmb Aán kv^pcn-¸n-¡p¶ Im¼mb 'tImÀ' ChÀ¡n-Ã.
bYmÀ° "lotdm" IÄ \yq\-]-£-am-Wv; am\h-kw-kvIm-cs¯ X§-fpsS km¶n-²y-¯mepw kzm[o-\-¯mepw ]cn-jvI-cn¨ \yq\-]-£w. At\I ssIXncn-I-fn-te¡v shfn-¨-¯nsâ kv^penwK§Ä {]h-ln-¸n¨ DÖze XoPzm-e-IÄ. Xpcp-¼n¨v Xocp-¶-Xnepw Fcn-ªp-Xo-cp-¶Xv D¯aw F¶v BßmÀ°-ambn hniz-kn-¨-hÀ. A{]-Imcw Fcn-ªp-Xo-cp-¶-Xn AÀ°hpw B\-µhpw Is-¯n-b-hÀ. Ah-cn Zmho-Zns\t¸m-epÅ cmPm-¡·m-cpv, al-¯mb `mh\ sImv temI-km-ln-Xys¯ k¼p-jvS-am-¡nb sjbv¡vkv-]n-b-sd-t¸m-sebpw Imfn-Zm-k-s\-t¸m-se-bp-apÅ Ihn-I-fpv Poh³ Xpfp-¼p¶ Nn{X-§-fm temIs¯ Ae-¦-cn¨ ssa¡Ä B©-tem-sb-t¸m-se-bpw chn-hÀ½sb-t¸m-se-bp-apÅ Iem-Im-c-·mcpap-v, Zmcn-{Zy-¯nsâ Akm-²yXbn \n¶pw ITn-\m-[zm\wsImpw \nÝ-b-[mÀUywsImpw temI-¯nsâ s\dp-I-bn-se-¯n, kvt\lw-sImv i{Xp-¡sf an{X-§-fm-¡nb en¦-s\-t¸m-sebpw, {]Xn-k-Ôn-I-fpsS Xo¨q-f-bn ]X-dmsX, XfÀ¶ AWn-Isf hm¡p-I-fm Xo]n-Sn-¸n¨v cmw-tem-I-a-lm-bp-²-¯n {_n«s\ hnP-b-Xn-e-I-a-Wn-bn¨ NÀ¨n-en-s\-t¸m-se-bp-apÅ cmjv{S-X-{´-Ú-cp-v, XymK-¯nsâ Xo¨q-f-bn kv^pSw-sNbvX a\-Êpw Alnwkm a{´-ap-cp-hn-Sp¶ hZ-\-§-fp-ambn Nn¶n-¨n-X-dn-¡n-S¶ `mc-X-P-\-Xsb {XnhÀ®-]-Xm-I-bpsS Iogn GtIm-]n-¸n¨v kzmX-{´y-¯n-te¡v ssI]n-Sn-¨p-bÀ¯nb KmÔn-Pn-sb-t¸m-epÅ cmjv{S-]n-Xm-¡-·m-cpv, I¡-«-bpsS sXcp-hp-I-fn s]men-tb At\I a\p-jy-P-·-§fpsS ssZ\yX \ndª \b-\-§-fn ssZh-km-Zr-iy-¯nsâ aqeyw Iv Ahsc \nkzmÀ°-ambn ]cn-N-cn¨v ]mh-§-fpsS A½-bm-bn-XoÀ¶ aZÀ sXtc-k-sb-t¸m-epÅ ]pWym-ßm-¡fp-v, kz´-Po-h³ ]W-bw-h¨pw ASn-a-I-fmbn KWn-¨n-cp¶ Idp-¯-hÀ¤-¡msc kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v DbÀ¯nb amÀ«n³ eqYÀ InwKn-s\-t¸m-epÅ kmaq-ln-I-]-cn-jv¡À¯m-¡-fp-v. \mSpw hoSpw hn«v B{^n-¡-bp-sS tLmc-h-\m-´-c-§-fnepw Ba-tkm-Wnsâ A]-cn-jvIr-X -A-I-¯-f-§-fnepw PmXn-t¡m-a-c-§Ä Dd-ªp-Xp-Ån-bn-cp¶ `mc-X¯nepw a\p-jy-s\ A£cw ]Tn-¸n-¨v, hkv{X-ap-Sp-¸n¨v, ssZh-kvt\-l-¯nsâ AarXv Bßm-hn ]IÀ¶p-\ÂIn Ahsc kwkvIm-c-k-¼-¶-cm-¡nb enhnw-Kvk-ä¬, sIbvdn XpS-§nb {InkvXy³ anj-\-dn-am-cp-v. am{X-hp-a-Ã, Pohn-X-Im-e¯v Bcmepw Xncn-¨-dn-bmsX km[m-c-W-¡m-cn km[m-c-W-¡m-cmbn Pohn¡pIbpw HSp-hn P\-tIm-Sn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-¯n ambm¯ ap{Z ]Xn-¸n¨v IS-¶p-t]mb, s\YÀem-k³knse lm³kv {_n¦sd t]mse-bp-Å, Hcp-]nSn "lotdm" Ifpw Iq«-¯n-epv. Ch-cp-sS-sbÃmw IÀ½hpw hyàn-Xzhpw thÀXn-cn-¡pI km[y-am-bn-cp-¶nÃ; ImcWw Ah-cpsS IÀ½-§Ä Ah-cpsS hyàn-Xy-¯nsâ kzm`m-hnI _lnÀK-a-\-§Ä am{X-am-bn-cp-¶p. XymtKm-Öz-e-am-bn-cp¶p AhcpsS Pohn-Xw. kz´w IoÀ¯n-bm-bn-cp-¶nÃ, Xe-ap-dI-fpsS A\p-{K-lo-X-`m-hn-bm-bn-cp¶p Ah-cpsS kz]v\w. aäp-Å-h-cpsS càw IpSn¨p NoÀ¡p¶ A«-I-fm-bn-cp-¶nÃ, kz´ hnbÀ¸pw càhpw aäp-Å-hÀ¡mbn Duäns¡mSp¯ Cu "lotdm" IÄ. AÃtbm alm-ßm-¡-tf, \n§Ä Pohn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-h-cpsS Iq«-¯n CsÃ-¦nepw \n§-fn \n¶pw sImfp-¯nb ]´-§Ä C¶pw temI-¯n {]Imiw ]c-¯p-¶p. \n§-fpsS A\-izc HmÀ½IÄ¡p ap¼n incÊp \an-¡s«!
]Ww-sIm-Sp¯p kz´w inc-Ên\p Npäpw {]`m-h-ebw krjvSn-¡p¶ A`n-\h"lotdm" IÄ Ac-§p-hm-gp¶ C¶s¯ AhØ F{Xtbm hn`n¶w! ^m³kv ¢ºp-IfpsS lÀjm-c-h-an-sÃ-¦n Cu "lotdm" Ifpw CÃ. Ah-cpsS kw`m-h-\-IÄ tIhew '^mj³' Ft¶m 's{Sâv' Ft¶m Hma-\-t¸-cn-«phnfn-¡p¶ N]-e-X-IÄ am{Xambn ]cn-an-X-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶p. kaq-l-¯nsâ ASn-¯-d-sb-¯s¶ Xpcw-Kw-h-bv¡p¶ t¾Ñ-X-Isf shÅ-]q-ip¶ 'Jpiv_p' amcpw, \ymbm-[n-]-·mcpw NneÀ¡v"lotdm" Ifm-Wv. F¶mÂ, a\p-jysâ aqÃy-tim-j-W-¯nsâ DZm-l-c-W-§Ä am{X-am-Wv ChÀ. a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xs¯ kw¼p-jvS-am-¡p¶ alm-ßm-¡fÃ; a\p-jysâ a\-Êm-£n-bn Ah-ti-jn-¡p¶ [mÀ½n-I-X-bpsS shÅcn-{]m-hp-Isf Iim-¸p-sN-¿p¶ hnj-]m-¼p-IfmWn-hÀ. am\y-X-bpsS amXr-I-I-f-Ã, ]m]-¯nsâ ]c-ky-§-fm-Wn-hÀ. X§Ä¡p \ÂIp-hm³ ImX-em-b-sXm¶pw Cà F¶ au\-amb Ip¼-km-c-amWv ChcpsS PohnXw.
aäp-Nn-eÀ, ]Ww-ap-S-¡nbpw kzm[o-\-ap-]-tbm-Kn¨pw AhmÀUp-IÄ kwL-Sn-¸n¨v"lotdm" IfmIp-¶p. kz´w sagp-Ip-{]-Xn-a-IÄ Dm¡n amlm-·m-cm-Ip¶hcpw C¶nsâ krjvSn-bm-Wv. ChÀ Adn-bp-¶n-Ã, Ime-¯nsâ Aán-tim-[-\-bn Cu sagp-Ip-{]-Xn-a-IÄ Dcp-Ipsbmen¨v CÃm-Xm-bn-¯ocp-sa-¶v... AhÀ \n¶nSw iq\y-am-bn-Xo-cp-sa-¶v. C¡q-«-cpsS amÀ¤w A`n-e-j-Wo-b-am-bn-Iv A\p-I-cn-¡p-hm³ B{K-ln-¡p¶hcpsS KXnbpw CXp-X-s¶.
BcmWv \½psS "lotdm" F¶Xv, F´mWv \½psS lrZ-b-¯nsâ B{Klw F¶p shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. Hcp-hsâ DÅnse {]Xn-jvT-sb-¡mÄ sa¨-am-Ip-hm³ BÀ¡pw Ign-bp-I-bn-Ã. \à "lotdm" Isf lrZ-b-¯n {]Xn-jvTn-¡p-I-bmWv PohnX hnP-b-¯n-\pÅ amÀ¤-§-fnsem¶v. {]Xn-Iqe§-fn {]tNm-Z-\-ambpw, Zim-k-Ôn-I-fn amÀ¤-Zo-]-§-fmbpw, amXr-I-I-fmbpw AhÀ \½psS Pohn-Xs¯ IqSp-X IqSp-X DZm-¯-am-¡p-¶p. Aán Aánsb Df-hm-¡p-¶-Xm-I-bm Cu Aán-Pzm-e-I-tfmSv ASp-¯p-\n¡p-¶-hÀ¡pw DÅn Aán-Pz-en-¡pw, AhÀ shfn-¨-ambn {]` hnXdpw.
hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn {]tim-`n¨ \nc-h[n "lotdm" IÄ \ap¡v Npäp-apv F¦n-epw, F\n¡v Gähpw {]nb-¦-c-\mb "lotdm" \{km-b-\mb tbip-{In-kvXp-hm-Wv. CXp tIhew AÔ-amb Bcm-[-\-bÃ; temI-N-cn-{X-¯nse \nc-h[n "lotdm" Isf ]Tn¨pw ]cn-tim[n¨pw F¯n-t¨À¶ t_m[y-am-Wv. GXv Af-hp-tIm-ep-sImv Af-¶mepw Bcnepw DbÀ¶p \n¡p¶ hyàn-{]-`m-h-amWv tbip-{In-kvXp. Ignª cm-bn-c-¯n-e-[nIw hÀj-§-fmbn a\p-jysâ hyàn-Po-hn-X-¯nepw kwkvIm-c-¯nepw aäp ka-kvX-ta-J-e-I-fn-epw C{X-b-[nIw kzm[o\w aämcpw sNep¯nbn«n-Ã. Ncn-{X-Im-c-\mb sIs¶¯v kvtIm«v emäpsd ]d-bp-¶p, "tbiphmWv Cu {Kl-¯n Pohn-¨n-cp¶Xn Ncn-{X-¯n Gähpw kzm[o-\-w sNep-¯nb hyàn F¶v \qäm-p-IÄ ]n¶n-Sp-t¼mÄ, Ipan-ªp-Iq-Sp¶ sXfn-hp-I-fpsS Af-hpIÄ sXfn-bn-¡p-¶p. B kzm[o\w hÀ²n¨p hcp-¶-Xmbpw ImWp-¶p."
"]s¯m³]Xp \qäm--pIÄ¡p-a-¸pdw {]IrXn \nb-a-§Ä¡p hncp-²-ambn tbip-{InkvXp ]nd-¶p. KqV-ambn hfÀ¶p, Zmcn-{Zy-¯n Pohn-¨p. ZoÀL-ambn k©-cn-¨n-Ã. Hcn-¡Â am{Xw cmPy-¯nsâ AXnÀ¯n IS-¶p, AXpw ssii-h-¯nÂ. Hcn-¡epw k¼t¯m aäp kzm[o-\-§tfm CÃm-bn-cp-¶p. {it²-b-cmb _Ôp-¡Ä Ah\v CÃm-bn-cp-¶p. HutZym-KnI hnZym-`ym-ktam ]cn-io-e-\tam Ah\p e`n-¨n-Ã. ssii-h-¯n Ah³ Hcp cmPm-hns\ ]cn-{`m-´-\m-¡n, _mÃy-¯n ]WvUn-X-·msc Ipg-¡n, bph-Xz-¯n Xnc-I-fpsS ta \S-¸m-X-bn-eqsS F¶ h®w \S¶p IS-ens\ \n{Z-]p-X-¸n-¨p, {]Ir-Xn-bpsS iucy-¯n-\p-ta hmWp. ]pcp-jm-cs¯ Huj-[-an-ÃmsX kuP-\y-ambn kuJy-am¡n.
Ah³ Hcn-¡epw ]pkvX-I-sa-gp-Xn-bn-«nÃ; F¶m cmPys¯ Hcp {KÙ-im-ebv¡pw Ah-s\-¡p-dn¨v Fgp-X-s¸-«n-«pÅ ]pkvX-I-§sf DÄs¡m-Åp-hm³ Ign-bp-I-bn-Ã. Ah³ Hcp Km\hpw cNn-¨n-«nÃ; F¦nepw kIe Ihn-Ifpw Fgp-Xn-bn«p-Å-XnÂ, A[nIw Km\-§-fpsS Bßmhv Ah-\m-Wv. Ah³ Hcp Iem-e-bhpw Øm]n-¨n-«nÃ; F¦nepw Ah-\p-f-fn-S-t¯mfw injy-cp-s¶v A`n-am-\n-¡m-hp¶ Hcp hnZym-e-b-hp-an-Ã.
Ah³ Hcn-¡epw Hcp ]«m-fs¯ \bn-¡p-Itbm ]S-bm-fnsb ]cnio-en¸n¡pItbm tXm¡nsâ \nd-sbm-gn-¡p-Itbm sNbvXn-«nÃ; F¦nepw Hcp t\Xm-hn\pw C{Xbpw k¶-²-`-S-·mÀ BÚm-\p-hÀ¯n-I-fmbn Dm-bn-«n-Ã. Hcp shSn-bp--t]mepw DXnÀ¡msX C{X-b-[nIw i{Xp-¡sf Iogvs¸-Sp-¯nb asämcp ssk\ym-[n-]-\p-an-Ã.
Ah³ Hcn-¡epw a\:-imkv{Xw A`y-kn-¨n-«nÃ; F¶n-cp-¶mepw kIe a\-:im-kv{X-Ú-cnepw A[n-I-ambn XIÀ¶ a\-Êp-Isf Ah³ kuJy-am-¡n-bn-«p-v.
tdman-sâbpw {Kokn-sâbpw hoc-·m-cmb t\Xm-¡Ä hcn-Ibpw t]mhp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ign-ª-Ime imkv{X-Ú-·mcpw XXz-Nn-´-I-·mcpw thZ-im-kv{Xn-Ifpw h¶p t]mbn. F¶m Cu a\p-jysâ \maw IqSp-X IqSp-X al-Xz-amÀÖn-¡p-¶p. Xsâ {Iqio-I-c-W-¯n\pw \ap-¡p-an-S-bn Imew Ccp]Xp \qäm-p-IfpsS AI-e-ap-m-¡n-sb-¦nepw Ah³ C¶pw Pohn-¡p-¶p. C¶pw Ah-\mWv a\p-jy-hÀ¤-¯nsâ tI{µ_nµphpw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS s\Spw-Xq-Wpw. "
"C§s\ ]d-ªmepw A[n-I-am-In-Ã, `qap-Js¯ Nhn-«n-sa-Xn-¨n-«pÅ kIe tk\m-hn-\ym-k-§fpw, alm-k-ap-{Z-§sf Dgp-Xp-a-dn-¨n-«pÅ FÃm \mhnI ]S-tbm-«-§fpw, \nb-a-\nÀ½mWw \S-¯p-hm³ Hcp-an¨pIqSnb kIe \nb-a-k-`-Ifpw, knwlm-k-\-§-fn hmW-cp-fn-bn-«pÅ kIe N{I-hÀ¯n-amcpw, Hcp-an¨p tNÀ¶v a\p-jy-Ncn{X¯n sNep-¯nb kzm[o\-s¯-¡mÄ A[nIw kzm[o\w GI-\mbn sNep-¯n-b-h-\mWv \{km-b-\mb tbip."
Cu tbip-{In-kvXp-hmWv "lotdm" IfpsS "lotdm." hmkvX-h-¯n a\p-jy-l-Zr-b-¯n Bg-¯n Bte-J\w sN¿-s¸«pInS-¡p¶ ]cn-]qÀ®X F¶ k¦Â¸-¯nsâ BÄcq-]-amWv {InkvXp. "t¹täm Xsâ `mh-\-bnse Gähpw \oXn-am-\mb a\p-jys\, kIe kÂKp-W-§fpw AWn-bn¨v hnh-cn-¨-t¸mÄ, At±lw tbip-hnsâ kz`m-hs¯ Xs¶-bmWv hnh-cn-¨-Xv." F¶v dqtÊm hne-bn-cp¯p-t¼mÄ AXn H«pw AXn-i-tbm-àn-bn-Ã. Cu tbip-hns\ DÅ-¯n kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡p-Å-XmWv ]qÀ®-X. ImcWw, Ah-\mWv ]qÀ®-X. Ahs\ A\p-I-cn-¡p-¶-"kotdm" IÄ "lotdm" Ifm-Ipw. Ah-\n \n¶mWv tSmÄtÌm-bnbpw, UmÔn-Pnbpw, eqYÀ InwKpw, aZÀ sXtc-kbpw, enhnw-Kv-ÌWpw, ssNX\yw {]m]n-¨-Xv. ]me-kvXo-\-bpsS s]mSn-a¬]m-X-I-fn Ah³ Ah-ti-jn-¸n¨pt]mb Im¸m-Sp-IÄ ]n³Xp-S-cp-¶-hÀ kz`m-h-t{i-jvT-X-bpsS irwK-¯n-se-¯pw. Aev]w-IqsS apt¶m-«p-t]mbn, tKmÂtKm-Ym-bpsS s\dpI-bn Ah-\À¸n¨ Poh-bm-K-¯nsâ AÀ°-w {Kln-¡p-¶-hÀ... ac-W-¯nsâ ac-hn¨ N§-e-Isf XIÀ¯v DbnÀs¯-gp-t¶-ä-Xnsâ s]mcp-f-dn-bp-¶-hÀ A\-iz-c-X-bpsS Ah-Im-in-I-fm-Ipw... "lotdm"Ifm-Ipw.
Wednesday, April 13, 2011
യുക്തിവാദവും നിരീശ്വരവാദവും
bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ aX-¯n\v FXn-cm-sW¶v ]d-bp-sa-¦nepw bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ¡p {]tXy-I-ambn Hcp aXw Bh-iy-am-sW¶ Nn´ iàn-s¸-«n-cp-¶p. CXp kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ Nn´-Ifpw Bi-b-§fpw hnaÀi-\-§fpw \nÀt±-i-§fpw bpàn-hmZn B\p-Im-enI§fn Xs¶ FgpXnbncp-¶p. aX-hn-tcm-[hpw bpàn-hm-Zhpw {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ Xs¶ aXm-Nm-c-§fpw A\p-jvTm-\-§fpw IpSpw-_-§-fnepw kzIm-cy-Po-hn-X-¯nepw kwc-£n¨p t]mcp¶ bpàn-hmZn t\Xm-¡-·m-cp-v. imkv{Xw ssZh-hn-izm-k-¯n\v FXn-cm-sW¶v s]¼p-¼d apg-¡p-¶-hÀ imkv{X-¯n\pw ssZh-¯n\pw X½n i{XpX Btcm-]n-¡p-¶p-v. C¯cw {ia-§Ä¡n-S-bn NmÄkv UmÀPnsâ ]cn-Wm-a-hmZw {kjvSm-hmb ssZh-¯n\pw ssZh-¯nsâ krjvSn-IÀ½-¯n\pw FXn-sc-bpÅ Bbp-[-ambn sXmSp-¯p-hn-Sm-dp-v. ]t£, UmÀPn³ apX C¶v Poh³ tPm_v tXmakv (]-cn-Wm-a-hmZw Xs¶ imkv{Xo-b-ambn sXfn-bn-¡-s¸-«n-«nà F¶ hkvXpX ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Z-¯n\p t\sc Hcp shÃp-hn-fn-bmbn \ne-sIm-Åp-I-bm-Wv.
]cn-Wma hmZ-¯n ]e ]cn-jv¡m-c-§Ä CXn-t\m-SIw kw`-hn¨p Ign-ªp. tcJm-Nn-{X-§Ä ]eXp amdn amdn hc¨p {]N-cn-¸n-¨p. \nc-h[n hymP Ah-Im-ihmZ§Ä \S-¯n. C{X-sbms¡ Bbn«pw ]cn-Wm-a-hmZ¯nse ka-ky-bmbn AXnse ""ImWm-¡®n'' (an-Ên-enwKv en¦v, \jvS-s¸« I®n) Ah-ti-jn-¡p-¶p. bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fpsS BNm-cy-\m-bn-cp¶ s{]m^. F.-än. tIm^q-cn\v ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Z¯nse \jvS-s¸«p t]mb I®n Is¯n F¶ hymP-amb Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-¯n\v tUmIvS-tdäv e`n¨p F¶v bpàn-hmZn B\p-Im-en-I-§-fn hmÀ¯-IÄ h¶n-cp-¶p. ]t£, C¶p-hsc ""ImWm-¡®n'' Ip-In-«n-bn-«nà F¶-XmWv kXyw. tImhq-cnsâ In«m¯ tUmIvS-tdäpw ]n¶oSv bpàn-hmZn hr¯-§-fn Xs¶ hnaÀi-\-¯n\pw hnhm-Z-¯n\pw hgn Hcp¡n. Ata-cn-¡-bnse an¶-tkm-«-bnÂ, bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ¡p tUmIvS-tdäp \evIn. Ahsc _p²n-Po-hn-I-fm¡n DbÀ¯n-¡m-«p¶Xn\v bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ Xs¶ ap³ssI FSp¯v Hcp IS-emkp Øm]\w {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p-s¶v Ah-km\w bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ¡p Xs¶ k½-Xn-t¡n h¶p. Cu Øm]\-am-Wt{X s{]m^. tImhq-cn\v ""tUmIvS-tdäv'' \evIn-bXv! ae-bmfn ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-I³ IqsS-bmb asämcp {]apJ bpàn-hmZn t\Xmhpw tUmIvS-td-än\p thn Cu Øm]-\s¯ kao-]n-¨n-cp-¶p-ht{X! bpàn-hm-Zw, `uXn-I-hm-Zw, \nco-iz-c-hm-Zw, ]cn-Wma hmZw XpS-§nb hnizmk \nt£[ Nn´-IÄ A{]-k-àhpw Aim-kv{Xo-bhpw F¶v hyà-am-¡-s¸«p Ign-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. F¦nepw Cu Nn´m-[m-c-Ifpw ]T\ hnt[-b-am-t¡-Xv Bhiyw Xs¶.
ssZhhpw hnizm-khpw
a\p-jy³ ssZh¯nsâ krjvSn-bm-Wv. ssZh-¯nsâ krjvSn-bpsS aIp-S-amWv a\p-jy³. \Ã-h\pw alm\pw kpµ-c-\p-amb a\p-jy-\mWv ssZh-¯nsâ D¶X krjvSn-sb¶v {_mtâ Fgp-Xn. krjvSn-bmb a\p-jy\pw {kjvSm-hmb ssZhhpw X½n thÀ]n-cn-¡m-\m-hm¯ Bß-_-Ôapv. Cu ssZhm-`n-apJyw hnizm-khpw Bcm-[-\-bp-ambn _Ô-ap-Å-Xm-Wv. ssZhw kXy-am-Wv. ""GI kXy ssZhw'' F¶v ss__nÄ ssZhs¯ hnti-jn-¸n-¡p-¶p. (B-h. 6:4, tbml. 17:3, 2 tbml, 5:20) ssZhw kXy-am-Wv. ]t£, ssZhs¯ kw_-Ôn¨v kXy-hn-cp-²-amb Ht«sd am\p-jn-I-amb A`n-{]m-b-§fpw [mc-W-Ifpw kaq-l-¯n {]N-cn-¸n-¡-s¸-«n-«p-v. CXmWv AÔ-hn-izm-k-§-fpsS Dd-hn-Sw. Cu sXämb [mc-W-IÄ Xncp-¯p-t¼mÄ am{Xta a\p-jy-\n \n¶pw AÔ-hn-izm-k-§ÄIpSn-bn-d-§p-I-bp-Åq. ChnsS imkv{X-Úm-\-t¯m-sSm¸w ssZh-imkv{X Úm\hpw a\p-jy\v Bh-iy-am-Wv.
bYmÀ° ssZhs¯ kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ icn-bmb [mcW P\-§Ä¡pw e`n-¡-Ww. ssZhw Xnc-kv¡-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶n-S¯v hymP ssZhw Ibdn IqSpw. hnizmkw CÃm-¯n-S¯v AÔ-hn-izmkw {]Xn-jvTn-¡-s¸-Spw. H¶p-In ssZhhpw hnizm-khpw AsÃ-¦n hymP ssZhhpw AÔ-hn-izm-k-hpw. CX-ÃmsX iq\y-ambn InS-¡p¶ Hcp a\Êv a\p-jy-\n-Ã. a\-Ên G´mtWm {]Xn-jvTn-¡-s¸-«n-«p-ÅXv AXns\ B[m-c-am-¡n-bmIpw Pohn-X-hpw. ssZh-¯n\pw hnizm-k-¯n\pw ssZh-¯nsâ krjvSn-bmb a\p-jy-\n-epÅ kzm[o\w A{X hen-b-Xm-Wv. bYmÀ° hnizm-k-¯n-tebv¡p P\w \bn-¡-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ hymP-ssZ-hhpw AÔ-hn-izm-khpw a\pjy a\-Ên \n¶v Cd-§n-t¸m-Ipw.
krjvSn-bmb a\p-jy\pw {kjvSm-hmb ssZhhpw X½n thÀ]n-cn-bm-\m-hm¯ Bß-_-Ô-ap-s¶v kqNn-¸n-¨p-h-tÃm. a\p-jy³ ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn ssZh-hn-izmknbmWv. a\p-jy-\nse ià-hpw-hy-à-hp-amb ssZhm-`n-apJyw Xs¶ AXn\p sXfn-hv. a\pjy a\-Ên BZyw ]Xn-ªXv ssZh-hn-Nmcw Xs¶. AhnsS ssZh-¯nsâ ssIs¿m¸p ]Xnª ssZh-ta-J-e-bp-v. anJm-tb tKmÀº-t¨m-hnsâ hm¡p-I-fnÂ. ""Ah-K-Wn-¡m-\m-hm¯ Hcp B´-cnI {]]-©w'' (s]-cn-kvt{Sm-bn-¡). CXp XnI¨pw Bßo-bhpam-Wv. ssZh-kv]Ài-\-¯nsâ ap{Z-bm-Wv. ssZhnI DS-a-Ø-X-bpsS AS-bm-fw. Cu ASn-Øm\ B`n-ap-Jyhpw AS-bm-fhpw a\-Ên \n¶pw amdp-I-bn-Ã. ]n¶oSv bpàn-hm-Zhpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw I½yq-Wn-khpw Ib-dn-¡qSn F¶p Icp-Xp-I. AtXmsS a\p-jy³ bpàn-hm-Zhpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw I½yq-Wn-Ìp-ambn thjw amdn. Cusbmcp amä-¯n a\p-jy³ km¦-ev]n-I-ambn \nco-iz-c-hmZn F¶p ]d-bmw. \nco-iz-c-hm-Zntb Bbn-«p-Åq; Cuizc cln-X-\m-bn-«-Ã. CsXmcp XXz-Nn-´m-]-c-am-b, Bi-b-]-c-amb {]iv\w am{X-am-Wv. Ah-\nse ASn-Øm-\-]-c-amb ssZhm-h-t_m[w Hcn-¡epw \jvS-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã. AX-h-\n \ne-\n-ev¡p-I-bm-Wv. a\p-jysâ AØn-Xz-t¯m-sSm¸w ssZhm-h-t_m-[hpw \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p.
bpàn-hm-Z-¯n-tâbpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Z-¯n-tâbpw I½yq-Wn-k-¯n-tâbpw ASn-bn BZyw Dm-bn-cp¶ ssZhm-h-t_m[w kpc-£n-X-ambn InS-¸p-v. A§s\ Ct¸mÄ a\p-jy³ bpàn-hmZnbmb ssZh-hn-izm-kn-bpw, \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-bmb ssZh-hn-izm-knbpw I½yq-Wn-Ìmb ssZh-hn-izm-kn-bp-ambn Adn-b-s¸-Sp¶p F¶p am{Xw! ]pd¯v A§s\ Adn-b-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ Xs¶ Ah-\nse ]gb a\p-jy³ ssZh-hn-izmkn Xs¶-bm-Wv. {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn ]gb a\p-jys\ ]qÀ®-ambpw XyPn¨v {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-{]-Imcw XnIhp {]m]n¨ bpàn-hm-Zntbm \nco-iz-c-hm-Zntbm I½yq-WntÌm BIp-¶n-Ã. a\-Ê-dn-bmsX, `mKn-I-ambn Hcp amäw am{Xta ChnsS kw`-hn-¨n-«p-Åq.
a\-Ên X«p-¶, Ne-\-§Ä Dm-¡p¶ kml-N-cy-§Ä h¶mÂ, kml-N-cy-§-tfbpw kw`-h-§-tfbpw A\p-`-h-§-tfbpw kXy-k-Ô-ambn hnth-Nn-¡p-hm³ Ah-kcw Dm-bmÂ, Hcp hop hnNm-c-¯n\p hnt[-b-\m-bm Ah-\nse ssZhm-h-t_m[w ]pd-¯-dn-bpw. C¯cw A\p-`-h-§Ä C¶p [mcm-f-am-Wv. F.-hn. Bcy³ AXn-hn-¹-h-Im-cn-bmb I½yq-Wn-Ìm-bn-cp-¶p. 1967-þ70 Ime-L-«-¯n Fw.-FÂ.-F-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p. At±-l-¯nsâ `mcy I½yq-Wn-Ìp-Im-cnbpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-bp-amb kmhn{Xn Bcy³ Pohn-X-¯nsâ {]Xn-k-Ôn-bn a\Êp thZ-\n¨v \nco-iz-c-hmZw hnkva-cn¨v ssZhs¯ hnfn¨p {]mÀ°n-¨p. CXn-s\-Xnsc tcmjw sImn«p Imcy-an-Ã. a\p-jysâ lrZ-b-¯n-sâ, a\-Ênsâ ASn-¯-«n InS-¡p¶ ssZh-hn-Nm-cs¯ CÃm-Xm-¡p-hm³ Hcp {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-¯n\pw kb³kn\pw km²y-a-Ã. tIm«-b¯v Hcp ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-I³ IqsS-bmb {]apJ bpàn-hmZn t\Xmhv tIcf `qjWw Hm^o-kn tPmen-bn {]th-in¨ A¶v Ccn-¡p-hm³ e`n¨ ""Id-§p¶ Itkc'' bn \n¶pw s]s«¶v NmSn Fgp-t¶äv ""C« adpXm Itkc'' amdn XcWw F¶m-h-iy-s¸«p! AÔ-hn-izm-kn-bmb bpàn-hm-Znbpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Znbpw? ssZhnI `qan-I-bn-tebv¡v NphSp amän Nhn«n \S-¡p¶ bpàn-hm-Zn-Ifpw `uXnI hmZn-Ifpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-Ifpw I½yq-Wn-Ìp-Ifpw C¶v hf-sc-bm-Wv. I½yq-WnÌp ]mÀ«n AwK-am-b, tem\-j³ \¼m-Ssâ hm¡p-IÄ {i²n-¡p-I. ""Rms\mcp hnizm-kn-bmb amÀIvkn-Ìm-Wv. \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-b-Ã. ]Ån-bn t]mIpw. Rm³ Dd¨ ssZh-hn-izm-kn-bm-Wv. kpdn-bm\n It¯m-en-¡-\m-Wv. aXm-\p-jvTm\§fnseÃmw ]s¦-Sp-¡p-¶p-v. Ignª ]Xn-\©p hÀj-ambn ]mÀ«n AwK-am-Wv. I½yq-WnÌv ]mÀ«n Hcn-¡epw aX-¯ns\m hnizm-k-¯ns\m FXn-cmb \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-¨n-«n-Ã. 95 iX-am\w I½yq-Wn-Ìp-Imcpw aX-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-Wv.'' \¼m-S³ amÌÀ am{X-a-Ã, ]nW-dmbn hnP-b\pw inh-Zm-k-ta-t\m\pw lwkbpw hn.-F-kv.-A-Nyp-Xm-\-µ\pw ]n. tKmhn-µ-]n-Åbpw C¡mcyw Xpd¶p k½-Xn-¨n-«p-v.
ssZh-¯n\pw aX-¯n\pw FXnsc
I½yq-Wn-Ìp-I-fn 95 iX-am-\hpw aX-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-sW¶p ]d-bp-t¼mÄ I½yq-Wnkw {]t_m-[n-¸n¨ `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw Ime-l-c-W-s¸«p F¶p a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. 95 iX-am\w I½yq-Wn-Ìp-I-fn ssZh-hn-izmkw iàn-s¸«p Ignªp F¶p hyàw. Fgp-]-¯n-b©p hÀjw sImv {]b-Xv\n-¨n«pw ssZh-hn-izm-k-¯n\p £Xtaev]n-¡p-hm³ I½yq-Wn-k-¯n\p Ign-ªn-«p-an-Ã. ""]ptcm-ln-X-cpsS ]n´p-Wtbm au\m-\p-hm-Ztam CÃmsX CS-Xp-]-£-¯n\v iàn-bmÀÖn-hm-Ztam CÃmsX CS-Xp-]-£-¯n\v iàn-bmÀÖn-¡p-hm³ Ign-bp-I-bnÃ'' F¶p tem\-¸³ \¼m-S³ ]d-bp-t¼mÄ aX-hn-izmkw A{X-Iv ià-am-sW¶v Ønco-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bm-Wv. aXt¯mSpw ssZh-hn-izm-k-t¯mSpw N§m¯w IqSp-hm³ C¶nsâ I½yq-Wn-Ìp-IÄ Xo{h-{iaw \S-¯p-¶p-s-¦nepw Imd amÀIvkn-tâbpw se\n-tâbpw \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ asäm-¶m-bn-cp-¶p. Imd amÀIvkv FgpXn: ""\n§Ä kÀÆ-i-ànbpw D]-tbm-Kn¨v ssZhw F¶ Bi-bs¯ IqsS D·q-e\w sN¿-Ww. cp Imc-W-§-fm a\pjy {]IrXn amdn-t¸m-bn. H¶v kzImcy kz¯v. cm-a-t¯Xv aX-t_m-[w. kzIm-cy-kz-¯p-Sa a\p-jys\ hyh-km-tbm-S-a-Ø-tâbpw aX-t_m[w a\p-jys\ ssZh-¯n-tâbpw ASn-a-bm-¡n. Bb-Xn-\m kzImcy kz¯p-S-a-tbbpw Cuiz-c-t_m-[-t¯bpw X¨p-S-bv¡p-I. At¸mÄ a\p-jy³ kzX-{´-\m-Ipw, Ah-s\mcp ssZh-am-Ipw.'' {^U-dn¡v GwKÂkv FgpXn: ""I½yq-Wn-k-¯nsâ AkvXn-Xz-¯n Hcp {kjvSm-hns\m \nb-´m-hnt\m Øm\-an-Ã.'' se\nsâ hm¡p-IÄ {i²n¡p: ""amÀIvkn-k-¯nsâ XXz-]-c-amb ASn-Øm\w amÀIvkpw GwKÂkpw BhÀ¯n¨p {]kvXm-hn-¨-Xp-t]mse Ub-e-IvSn-¡Â saäo-cn-b-en-kwþ hÀ¤-ssh-cp-²ym-[n-jvTnX ]ZmÀ°hmZw BIp-¶p. Cu ]ZmÀ°-hm-Z-am-I-s«, ]cn-tOZw \nco-iz-c-]-chpw hn«p-ho-gvN-bn-Ãm¯ hn[w kÀÆ-aX hncp-²-hp-am-Wv.'' ""amÀIvkn-kw, saäo-cn-b-enkw ]ZmÀ°-hmZw AYh `uXnI hmZw BIp-¶p. B \ne-bn AXv aX-¯n-s\-Xn-cmbn kÔn CÃm¯ hn[w kacw \S-¯pw.''
""Bßm-hn''s\ sh«n-am-äp-Itbm?
`uXn-I-hmZw FSp¯p ]dªv ""hyàn'' bn \n¶pw ""Bßm-hns\'' sh«n-am-än. a\p-jys\ shdpw `uXn-I-\m¡n sh«n-¨-pcp-¡n. tZlw, tZln, Bßmhv F¶o {Xnhn[ `mh-§Ä DÄt¨À¶-XmWv a\p-jy³. a\p-jy-\nse Bßm-hns\ \ntj-[n-¨p. AtXmsS ssZhw, hnizm-kw, hnip-²n, Bßob aqey-§Ä, ac-Wm-\-´c PohnXw XpS-§nb bmYmÀ°y-§Ä Ah-K-Wn-¡-s¸-«p. ssZh-¯n-s\-Xnsc I½yq-Wn-Ìp-ImÀ bp²w XpS-§n. \nco-iz-c-hmZw Cu HutZym-Kn-I-ambn {]Jym-]n-¡-s¸-«p. ssZhw Csöv imkv{Xo-b-amtbm {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-c-amtbm sXfn-bn-¡p-hm³ km²y-a-sÃ-¦nepw I½yq-Wnkw ssZh-¯n\pw ssZh-hn-izm-k-¯n\pw FXnsc FSp¯ \ne-]mSv iàhpw {Iqchpw ITn-\hpw bpàn-hn-cp-²-hp-am-bn-cp-¶p. 1917þse HIvtSm-_À hn¹hw djy-bnse ss{IkvXh k`bv¡p \evIn-bXv Ipcnipw apÄ¡n-co-Shpw Bbn-cp-¶p. ""e£yw amÀ¤s¯ \ymbo-I-cn-¡p¶p'' F¶ \ne-]m-Sm-bn-cp-¶p. I½yq-Wn-k-¯n-tâ-Xv. `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-¡p-¶-Xn\v GXp amÀ¤hpw kzoI-cn¡mw F¶p h¶p.
tKmÀ_-t¨mhpw s]cn-kvt{Sm-bn-¡bpw
1989-þ tkmhn-bäv bqWn-bsâ ]c-am-[n-Im-cn-bmbn tKmÀ_-t¨hv sXcsªSp¡-s¸«t¸mÄ AXn Hcp ssZhnI \ntbmKw Dm-bn-cp-¶p. `uXn-I-hm-Z-¯n\pw \nco-iz-c-hm-Z-¯n\pw H¶mw Øm\w \evIp-¶Xpw ssZh-¯n\p {]th-i\w \ntj-[n-¡-s¸-«-Xp-amb tkmhn-bäv bqWn-b-\nse ]c-am-[n-Im-cn-bpsS sXc-sª-Sp-¸n F´p ssZhnI \ntbmKw? ssZhw CS-s]«p F¶p Xs¶-bm-Wv, ]n¶o-Sp-mb kw`-h-hn-Im-k-§Ä hnfn¨p ]d-ª-Xv. Imd amÀIvkn \n¶pw Gsd hyXy-kvX-\mWv {InkvXp F¶v tKmÀ_n Xncn-¨-dn-ªp. amÀIvkn\v ImWp-hm³ Ign-bmsX t]mbXv {InkvXp hfsc t\cs¯ shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw {]t_m-[n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-¶p-sh-¶Xv tKmÀ_n a\-Ên-em-¡n. a\p-jysâ apgp-h³ {]iv\-§-fp-ambpw {]Xn-I-cn-¡p-hm³ Ignbpw F¶p I-tXmsS tKmÀ_n {InkvXp-hn\p \evInb Øm\w amÀIvkn\p apI-fn-em-bn-cp-¶p. I½yq-Wnkw \nco-iz-c-hm-Z-¯nsâ _Ô-\-¯n-em-sW¶ t_m[hpw tKmÀ_nsb Akz-Ø-\m-¡n-bn-cp-¶p. F¦nepw At±-l-¯nsâ Nn´-I-fnepw Fgp-¯p-I-fnepw {]kw-K-§-fnepw kw`m-j-W-§-fnepw {InkvXphpw amÀIvkpw amÀIvkpw {InkvXphpw C§s\ amdn amdn h¶p sImn-cp-¶p. \mkvXn-I-\mb tKmÀ_n-bn ià-amb ssZhm-`n-apJyw {]I-S-ambn hcn-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
tKmÀº-t¨m-hnsâ hop-hn-Nmcw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ ]pXnb Nn´-bm-Wv. ""s]cn-kvt{Sm-bn-¡.''1988 sabv amk-¯n tNÀ¶ ]mÀ«n tbmKw s]cn-kvt{Sm-bn¡ F¶ \qX\ kn²m-´-¯n\v ]qÀ® cq]w \evIn. I½yq-Wnkw F¶ {]Xy-b-im-kv{Xhpw tkmhn-bäv bqWn-bsâ I½yq-WnÌp `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\hpw Hcp t]mse s]mfn-¨-S-¡p¶ A\p-`-h-amWv ]n¶o-Sp-m-b-Xv. ssZh-hn-izm-k-¯n\v FXnsc \ne-\n¶ \ntcm-[\w \o¡n, aX-¯n\p kzmX{´yw e`n-¨p. s]cn-kvt{Sm-bn-¡-bpsS i_vZw HSp-hn-sem-Sp-hn `uXn-I-hm-Z-¯n-tâbpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Z-¯n-tâbpw ac-W-a-Wn-bmbn amdn. hniz-{]-kn-²-amb s]cn-kvt{Sm-bn-¡-bnse ssZhm-`n-apJyw {i²n-¡p¶hÀ¡p Xncn-¨-dn-bphm³ km[n-¡pw. tKmÀ_n FgpXn: ""Hcp hyàn-bpsS B´-cnI temIs¯ am\n-¡p-Ibpw Ah\v [mÀ½n-I-ambn Icp¯v \evIp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sImv hyànsb Bßo-b-ambn DbÀ¯pI F¶-XmWv C¶v R§-fpsS {][m\ tPmen.'' ""I½yq-Wn-Ìp-Im-cmb R§Ä ]d-bp-¶-Xp-t]mse a\p-jy³ shdp-samcp ]ZmÀ°-a-Ã. Ah³ Bßm-hp-Å-h-\m-Wv. Ah³ Bßo-b-\m-Wv. Ah-\n Bßm-hp-v. `uXnI hmZ-¯n\p ImWm³ Ign-bmsX t]mb Hcp B´-cnI temIw Ah-\n Dv.'' ""s]cn-kvt{Sm-bn¡''tbmSp IqSn, ssZh-¯n\p \ntcm-[\w \ne-\n¶ tkmhn-bäv bqWn-b-\n ssZhw Xncn-s¨-¯n. Pohn-¡p-Ibpw {]hÀ¯n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ ssZh-¯n-\p-th-n, cmPy-¯nsâ Ihm-S-§Ä am{X-a-Ã, P\-X-bpsS lrZb Ihm-S-§fpw Xpd-¡-s¸-«p. I½yq-Wn-k-¯nsâ Xd-bn-emWv `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw bpàn-hm-Zhpw hfÀ¶p h¶-Xv. I½yq-Wnkw ]cm-P-b-s¸-«-tXmsS \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw bpàn-hm-Zhpw ]cm-Pbw Gäp-hm-§n. I½yq-Wn-k-amWv bpàn-hmZn {]Øm-\s¯ hfÀ¯n-b-sX¶pw bpàn-hmZn {]Øm-\-¯nse BZy-Ime {]hÀ¯-Icpw AwK-§fpw I½yq-Wn-Ìp-I-fm-bn-cp¶p F¶pw bp.-I-em-\m-Ys\ t]mepÅ bpàn-hmZn t\Xm-¡-·mÀ shfn-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-v. Cu shfn-s¸-Sp-¯-ens\ asämcp hn`mKw bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ XÅn-¸-d-ªn-«pv F¦nepw kXyw Iem-\m-Y³ Fgp-Xn-bXp Xs¶. bpàn-hmZn {]Øm-\-¯nsâ Bi-b-t¯mSpw {]hÀ¯-\-ssi-entbmSpw I½yq-WnÌp ]mÀ«n tbmPn-¡p-¶n-söv C.-Fw.-F-kv, ]nW-dmbn hnP-b³ F¶n-hÀ hyà-am-¡n-bn«pw Dv. C.-Fw.-Fkpw CS-a-dpIpw X½n ap¼p \S¶ Hcp kwhmZw ChnsS HmÀ¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. bm{´nI bpàn-hm-Z-¯n-s\-Xnsc I½yq-WnÌp ssk²m-´nI\mbn-cp¶ C.-Fw.-Fkv \¼q-Xn-¸mSv bpàn-hm-Zhpw I½yq-Wn-Ìp-Imcpw F¶ {KÙ-¯n ià-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-¡p-¶pv (1984). I½yq-Wn-khpw bpàn-hm-Zhpw \nco-iz-c-hmZw ASn-Øm\ {]t_m-[-\-ambn DbÀ¯n-¡m-«m-dp-s-¦nepw I½yq-WnÌp ]mÀ«n-bnepw bpàn-hmZn {]Øm-\-¯nepw AwKXzw t\Sp¶Xn\v Cuiz-c-hn-izmkw \ntj-[n-¡-W-sa¶pw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-bm-bn-cn-¡-W-sa¶pw cp {]Øm-\-§-fp-tSbpw `cW LS-\-I-fn tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«n-Ã. \nco-iz-c-hmZw imkv{Xo-b-ambn sXfn-bn-¡m-\m-hnà F¶ Xncn-¨-dn-hmWv bpàn-hmZn {]Øm-\-¯n-tâbpw I½yq-WnÌp ]mÀ«n-bp-tSbpw `c-W-L-S-\-IÄ shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p¶Xv.
bpàn-hm-Zhpw `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw
F´mWv bpàn-hmZw? tIc-f-¯nse bpàn-hm-Z {]Øm\-¯nsâ Øm]I t\Xm-¡-·m-cn {]ap-J-\mb Ipän-¸pg Fgp-Xp¶p: ""Cw¥o-jn dmj-W-enkw F¶ hm¡n\v ae-bm-f-¯n km[m-cW ]dªp hcp¶ t]cm-WtÃm bpàn-hm-Zw. Cu ]Zw sImv hnh-£n-XmÀ°w thp-thmfw shfn-hm-¡p¶ ØnXn¡v CXnsâ hymI-c-Whpw hyp¸-¯nbpw aäpw icntbm sXtäm F¶v At\z-jn¨v kabw If-tb--Xn-Ã. bpànsb AYhm \ymbs¯ Ah-ew-_n¨p sImpÅ hmZ-amWv bpàn-hmZw F¶v GhÀ¡pw Adn-bm-hp-¶XmWv.'' bpàn-hm-Z-¯n\v bpàn-bp-à-ambn \nÀÆ-N-\tam hni-Zo-I-c-Wtam \evImsX Ipän-¸pg hn«p \nev¡p-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS. hymI-c-Whpw hyp¸-¯nbpw At\z-jn-¨pÅ bm{Xsb \ntcm-[n-¡p¶ At±lw XoÀ¯pw efn-X-amb Hcp hni-Zo-I-cWw \evIn kwXr-]vX-\m-Ip¶p: ""bpànsb AYhm \ymbs¯ Ah-ew-_n-¨pÅ hmZ-amWv bpàn-hm-Zw.'' Ipän-¸p-gbpw CS-adp ]h-\\pw bpàn-hmZw F´mWv? F¶-Xn\p IrXy-ambpw bpàn-bp-à-ambpw adp-]Sn ]dbphm³ {ian-¡msX aq¶p hgn-I-fn-tebv¡p Xncnªp t]mhp-I-bm-Wv.
""Imc-W-§-fn-ÃmsX Imcy-§-fp-m-hnà F¶ Nn´m-KXn XXz-Nn-´m-]-c-ambn hfsc {]m[m\yw AÀln-¡p¶ H¶m-Wv. Imc-W-§sf At\z-jn-¡p¶ Nn´m-]-²-Xn-bmWv bpàn-hm-Zw. AXns\ Imc-Wm-t\z-jW hmZ-sat¶m tlXp-hm-Z-sat¶m ]d-bp-¶-Xm-bn-cn¡pw IqSp-X icn. Adnhv icntbm sXtäm F¶v \nÝ-bn-¡m-\pÅ icn-bmb hgn Imcy-Imcy hnNn-´-\-am-sW¶ hkvXp-X-bbmWv bpàn-hmZw F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xv. bmYmÀ°yw AlIe-am-sW¶pw AXn\p bpàn-k-l-amb LS\m ZrV-X-bp-s¶pw bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ Icp-Xp-¶p. bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ¡p F´n\pw sXfn-hp-m-bn-cn-¡-Ww. F¶m AhÀ A\p-`-ssh-I-hm-Z-¯n\v FXn-cm-Wv. Adnhv A\p-`-hs¯ am{Xw B{i-bn-¨n-«pÅXsöpw a\p-jysâ Imcy-Imcy hnth-N-\-i-àn¡v A\p-`-h-¯n-\-¸pdw DÅ Adnhv Is-¯m³ Ign-bp-sa¶pw bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ Icp-Xp-¶p. bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fpsS \ne-]mSv Gähpw \à \ne-bn hyà-am-Ip-¶Xv Adn-hns\ kw_-Ôn¨v kn²m-´-§-tfm-SpÅ Ah-cpsS kao-]-\-¯n \n¶m-Wv. a\p-jysâ Adn-hn\v ]eXpw A\p-`-hm-Xo-X-am-Wv. C{µn-bm-\p-`-h-§Ä \½n A¼-c¸pw Bi-b-¡p-g-¸-hp-am-Wp-m-¡p-¶-Xv. A\p-`-h-ssh-I-hm-Zn-IÄ FÃm kXy-§fpw C{µn-bm-\p-`-h-§-fn IqsS am{Xta Adn-bm³ Ignbq F¶p iTn-¡p-¶p. Cu hmZw icn-b-sÃ-¶-Xn\p bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ \nc-¯n-sh-bv¡p¶ sXfn-hp-IÄ A\n-tj-[y-§-fm-Wv. kmÀh-{Xn-I-ambn AwKo-Imcw e`n¨ hkvXp-X-I-fn ]eXpw kn²m-´-]-c-amb Úm\w sImv Dm-b-Xm-Wv. A\p-`hw sImv Ahsb sXfn-bn-¡p-Itbm AwKo-I-cn-¡p-Itbm sNt¿ Bh-iy-an-Ã. ""aq¶v'' F§s\ ]d-ªmepw ""aq¶v'' Xs¶. CXn A\p-`-h-¯nsâ {]iv\ta CÃ. Hmtcm hyàn-bpsS a\-Ênsâ ØnXnbpw Ignhpw hyXy-kvX-am-I-bm A\p-`hw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-¡pw. AXp-sImv A\p-`-h-¯n \n¶v DÄs¡m-Åm-hp¶ Adnhpw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-¡pw. CXns\ Adnhv F¶v hnfn-¡mtam F¶ Imcyw Xs¶ kwi-b-amWv F´mWv bpàn-hmZw F¶p hni-Zo-I-cn¨p sImv ]h-\³ C§s\ FgpXn t]mIp-¶p. CS-a-dp-Insâ hni-Zo-I-c-Ww. ""bpàn-hmZ cmjv{Sw'' Øm]n-¡pI F¶ e£y-¯n-em-Wv. At±lw I½yq-Wn-ks¯ tNmZyw sN¿p-¶p-ap-v.
]h-\-tâbpw Cu adp-In-tâbpw bpàn-hmZ ZÀi-\-§sf C.-Fw.-F-kv. \¼q-Xn-cn-¸mSv hnaÀin-¡p-¶p-v. C.-Fw.-Fkv Fgp-Xp-¶p: ""bpànhmZw amÀIvkn-k-¯n\p ]Icw sh¡p¶ Hcp Nn´m-]-²-Xn-b-söv ]h-\³ ]d-bp-¶p. BsW-¶v, amÀIvkn-k-¯n\pw D]-cn-bmb Hcp ]²-Xn-bm-sW¶v CS-a-dpIv BW-bn-«p-¶p. CS-a-dpIv C´y³ bpàn-hmZn kwL-¯nsâ {]-kn-Uâm-Wv. ]h-\³ AXnsâ sshkv {]kn-Uâm-Wv. bpàn-hmZn kwL-S-\sb Hcp kmwkvIm-cnI kwL-S-\-bm-b-Ã, cmjv{Sob kwL-S\bmbn-¯-s¶-bmWv CS-a-dpIp ImWp-¶-Xv. Bß-\n-jvT-ambn ]h-\³ AXn-t\mSp tbmPn-¡p-¶pthm CÃtbm F¶Xv At±-l-¯n\p am{Xta Adn-bm-hq. F¶m hkvXp-\n-jvT-ambn t\m¡p-t¼mÄ At±-lhpw C´y³ bpàn-hm-Zn-kw-L-¯nepw tIcf bpàn-hmZn kwL-¯nepw {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Ah-cpsS kl-{]-hÀ¯-Icpw (amÀIvkn-Ìp-Im-c-S-¡w) CS-a-dpIv {]`r-Xn-I-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-¯n-epÅ "amÀIvknÌv hncp²' cmjv{Sob {]Øm-\s¯ iàn-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bmWv sN¿p-¶-Xv. C.-Fw.-F-kv. \¼q-Xncn¸mSnsâ hnaÀi-\-¯n \n¶pw a\-Ên-em-¡m-hp¶ Nne hkvXp-X-I-fp-v. bpàn-hmZn {]Øm\w `n¶n¨p amdn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. t\Xm-¡-·mÀ¡v ]c-kv]-c-[m-c-Wsbm A`n-{]mb sFIytam CÃ. bpàn-hmZw F´v? F¶ ASn-Øm\ tNmZy-¯n\p t]mepw hyXy-kvX-§-fmb adp-]-Sn-I-fm-Wp-Å-Xv. bpàn-hm-Z-¯nsâ ASn-Øm\ {]-t_m-[-\-amb \nco-izc hmZhpw `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw ssIhn«p t]mbn-cn-¡p-¶p. bpàn-hmZn {]Øm-\-¯nsâ e£yw cmjv{So-b-ambn A[x-]-Xn-¨p. I½yq-Wn-khpw bpàn-hm-Zhpw X½n hSn-Ip¯n ]ncn-ªp. bpàn-hmZn {]Øm-\-¯nsâ kmwkvIm-cnI apJw \jvS-s¸«p!
{Ko¡p ZmÀi-\n-I-cmb ]nY tKmd-kv, tkm{I-«okv, AcntÌm«nÂ, t¹täm XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS Nn´-I-fn \n¶mWv bpàn-hmZw cq]-s¸-«Xv F¶p bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sp-¶p-s-¦nepw Cu ZmÀi-\n-I-cpsS ZÀi-\-§Ä \mkvXn-I-]-chpw `uXn-I-hm-Z-]-c-hp-am-sW¶v sXfn-bn-¡m-\m-hn-Ã. 16, 17 \qäm-p-I-fn Bcw-`n¨ B[p-\nI bpàn-hmZw AXnsâ hfÀ¯-¨-·m-cmbn sd\n Zv ImÀs¯ (1590-þ1650) kv]nt\mk (1632-þ1677) sse_v\nÕv (1636-þ1716) XpS-§n-b-hsc Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p. Ch-cpsS ZÀi-\-§-fn Ds¶p ]d-bp¶ `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw kwi-bm-kv]-Z-am-Wv.-C.-Fw.-F-knsâ hm¡p-I-fn ""As¶ms¡ kmam-\y-_p-²n-bp-sSþ bpàn-bp-sSþ ASn-Øm-\-¯n {]kvXm-h-\-Ifpw {]Jym-]-\-§fpw \S-¯mt\ Ign-ªn-«p-Åq.'' ]co-£-Wm-ßI imkv{X-¯nsâ ]n³_-e-an-Ãm¯ Ah-cpsS ZÀi-\-§Ä ]Iz-X-{]m-]n¡m¯ shdpw Ip«n¯ Pev]-\-§Ä am{X-am-Wv. tIc-f-¯n ktlm-Z-c³ A¿-¸\pw cma-hÀ½ X¼m\pw Fw.-kn.-tPm-k^pw Ipän-¸p-gbpw tIc-f-¯nsâ kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb ]cn-hÀ¯\w e£yw sh¨p-sImv bpàn-hmZ Bi-b-§Ä {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-hm³ XpS-§n. CS-a-dpIp XpS-§n-b-hÀ bpàn-hmZ Bi-b-§-fpsS kwL-S\m hXv¡-c-W-¯n-\mWv {ian-¨-Xv. Fw.-kn. tPmk^v bpàn-hmZn kwL-¯n AwKXzw FSp-¯n-Ã. Fw.-kn. tPmk-^ns\ I]-S-bp-àn-hmZn F¶v CS-ap-dpIp hnaÀin-¨p. CS-ap-dp-¡ns\ Ah-k-c-hmZn F¶pw bpàn-hmZn {]Øm-\s¯ XIÀ¯Xv CS-a-dpImsW¶v aäp bpàn-hmZn t\Xm-¡Ä CubnsS FgpXn Ip. bpàn-hmZn {]Øm\w C¶v XIÀ¶p Xcn-¸-W-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Hcp hkvXpX Xncn-¨-dn-bp-I. bpàn, Nn´, _p²n F¶nh bpàn-hmZn kwL-¯n AwKXzw FSp-¡p-t¼mÄ e`n-¡p-¶-X-Ã. Ah ssZhoI Zm\-§-fm-Wv. bpàn-hm-Z-aà Bhiyw bpàn-t_m-[tam bpàn-hn-Nm-ctam BWv. Ata-cn-¡-bnse an¶-tkm-«-bnse Hcp IS-emkp Øm]-\-¯n \n¶pw Hcp hymP tUmIvS-tdäp In«n-bm Adn-hnsâ kÀÆÚ ]oTw Ibdn F¶v kzbw Icp-X-cp-Xv. Adn-hn\v A\p-`-h-ambn_Ô-ap-v. bpàn-hmZn ssZhw Csöp ]d-sª¶p hcpw. AX-hsâ _nÊn-\-Êm-Wv. F¶n«pw bpàn-hmZn Nne-t¸m-sgms¡ ssZhw Ds¶v ]dªp t]mIp-¶p. bpàn t_m[tam bpàn-hn-Nm-ctam Dv. Hcp _p²n-Po-hn¡pw ssZhw Csöp ]d-bm-\m-hn-Ã. AhÀ ssZhs¯ A\p-`-hn-¨-dn-bp-¶p. Ah-cpsS a\-Ên BZyw ]Xnª ssZhm-h-t_m[w AhÀ sXm«-dn-bp-¶p. bpàn-t_m-[-apÅ Bßo-b-\mWv Hcp ssZh hnizm-kn.
IS-sa-Sp-¯Xv Gsd
ss__n-fn \n¶pw {InkvXp-hnsâ {]t_m-[-\-§-fn \n¶pw BZna ss{IkvXh kaq-l-¯nsâ amXr-I-bn \n¶pw al-¯mb ktµ-i-§Ä IS-sa-Sp¯v (]p-d. 16:11-þ18, At¸m, {]\r-¯n. 2:44-þ47, 4:32-þ35, tdma. 15:27, 2 sIm-cn. 8: 13-þ15) Imd amÀIvkv kz´w Bi-b-¯n DÄtNÀ¯v I½yq-Wn-k-¯n\v cq]w \evIn. A\o-Xns¡Xnsc, Xn·-bvs¡-Xnsc {InkvXp ià-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-¨p. temIw In-«pÅ Gähpw henb hn¹-h-Im-cn-sb¶pw tkmjy-en-s̶pw {InkvXp-hns\ Ncn{Xw hnti-¸n-¡p-¶p. C¶s¯ amÀIvkn-b³ cmjv{Sob {]kw-K-§-fn t]mepw {InkvXp-hnsâ hm¡p-IÄ ssien-I-fmbn ]3-Xn-jvTn-¡-s¸-«p. ss__n-fnse ]pXnb \nb-ahpw BZn-Ime ss{IkvXh kaq-l-¯nsâ Ncn-{Xhpw hmbn-¨n-«pÅ GwKÂkv ]d-bp-¶Xv: ""Cu IrXn-IÄ temI I½yq-WnÌp {]Øm-\-¯nse {]i-kvX-cmb GtXm Fgp-¯p-ImÀ Fgp-Xn-bXp t]mse tXm¶pw'' F¶m-Wv. BZn-a-Ime ss{IkvXh IrXn-I-fn-tebpw I½yq-Wn-k-¯n-tebpw kmZr-iy-amWv A§s\ Hc-`n-{]mbw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-hm³ GwKÂkns\ t{]cn-¸n-¨-Xn. BZna ss{IkvXh k`bpw ]s¯m³]Xmw \qäm-nse sXmgn-emfn {]Øm-\hpw X½n-epÅ kmZr-iys¯ GwKÂkv H¶n-tesd {]mhiyw FSp¯p Im«n-bn-«pv (Marx and Engels on religion 180-186, 275-300). Class struggles in France 1848-50 F¶ amÀIvknsâ IrXn¡v GwKÂkv Fgp-Xnb Ah-Xm-cn-I-bnepw C¡mcyw {]tXyIw ]cm-aÀin-¡p-¶p-v.
ss__n-fn-tâbpw {InkvXp-hn-tâbpw BZna ss{IkvXh kaq-l-¯n-tâbpw kzm[o\w ""I½yq-Wnk'' ¯n {]I-S-am-Wv. 1516-þse kÀ tXmakv aqdnsâ Dt«m-¸nb F¶ IrXnbpw 1623-þse sUman\n ¡³ k\ym-kn-bmb tXmakv Im_s\sÃbpsS Civitar solisF¶ IrXnbpw Imd amÀIvkns\ kzm[o-\n-¨n-«p-v. hÀ¤-c-lnX kaq-l-t¯bpw tkmjy-en-k-t¯bpw kz]v\w Ip sImpÅ al-¯mb ss{IkvXh IrXn-I-fm-Wn-h. amÀ«n³ eqY-dnsâ Bi-b-§fpw amÀIvkn-t\bpw GwKÂknt\bpw Bg-¯n kzm[o-\n-¨n-«p-. ss{IkvX-hn-I-X-bp-tSbpw B²ym-ßn-I-X-bp-tSbpw kv]Ài-ap-m-bn-cp¶ Imd amÀIvknsâ Nn´-I-fn `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw Ib-dn-¡q-Sn-bXv F§-s\-bmWv? 1836-þ _Àen³ kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-bn hnZymÀ°n-bm-bn-cn-¡p-t¼m-gmWv Imd amÀIvkns\ PÀ½³ XXz-im-kv{X-Ú-\mb slK-ensâ sFUn-b-enkw BIÀjn-¨-Xv. 1841-þ tUmIvS-td-än\p thn kaÀ¸n-¨Xv Utam{Inäkn-tâbpw Fjn¡pkntâbpw {]IrX XXz-im-kv{X-§Ä X½n-epÅ Xmc-Xay ]T\w F¶ {]_-Ô-am-bn-cp¶p. amÀIvknsâ Ub-e-IvSn-¡Â saän-cn-b-en-k-¯n\v slK-ensâ Ub-e-IvSn-¡Â sFUn-b-en-k-t¯mSp _Ô-ap--sÃm. tUmIvS-d Xoknkv X¿m-dm-¡p¶ kml-N-cy-amWv amÀIvkns\ \nco-iz-c-hm-Zþ `uXn-I-hmZ XXz-Nn-´-I-fn-tebv¡v hgn Xncn¨p hn«-Xv. PÀ½-\n-bn epUzn¡v ^yqbÀ _m¡nsâ Nn´-Ifpw aX-\n-tj-[-¯n\p t{]mÕm-l-\-am-bn. Hcp Imcyw hyà-am-Wv, Imd amÀIvkv {]Xo-£n-¡m-¯Xp ]eXpw "amÀIvknk' ¯n kw`-hn-¨p. At±lw Xpd¶p ]dªp: ""Rm³ Hcp amÀIvkn-Ì-Ã.'' (One thing is Rertain, I am not a marxist). GwKÂkv C¡mcyw tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-v. 1855-þ e-\n sh¨v ss{IkvXh k`-bvs¡-Xn-sc-bpÅ Hcp {]kw-K-¯n Imd amÀIvkv ]dªp: ""{InkvXp aX-¯nse km£m ]cn-ip-²³ ({In-kvXp) km[m-cW a\p-jy-cpsS Bßm-hnsâ c£-bv¡mbn kzbw _en-bÀ¸n-¨p...'' AsXmcp Ncn-{X-bm-YmÀ°y-am-Wv. {InkvXp am\-h-cm-in¡p thn {Iqin-¡-s¸-«p. GI ]cn-ip-²s\ {Iqin¨p sIm¶p. Ncn-{X-]-c-amb Cu Bßob kXys¯ ]ZmÀ°-hm-Z-¯n\p ]pd-¯n-d¡n \ndp-¯p-hm³ amÀIvkv ]cn-{i-an-¨-Xn-\m-emWv I½yq-Wn-k-¯nsâ ]cm-P-b-¯n\p hgn Hcp-§n-b-Xv. 1956-þ _À{Sv dk ""Rm³ F´p-sImv amÀIvkn-ÌÃ?'' F¶ Hcp {]_Ôw cNn-¨p. AXp hniz-{]-kn-²-am-bn. AXp-hgn _À{Sv dk amÀIvkn-k-¯nsâ ià-\mb hnaÀi-I-\mbn Adn-b-s¸-«p. amÀIvknkw anYy-bm-sW¶pw AXv Aim-kv{Xo-b-am-sW¶pw dk kaÀ°n-¨p. Iyq_-bnse ^nU Imkv t{Sm ]dªp: ""{InkvXp bYmÀ° tkmjy-en-Ìm-Wv.''
kv]ncn-Nz s]cn-kvt{Sm-bn¡
ASp¯ Ime¯v anJm-tb tKmÀ_-t¨hv AÊo-kn-bnse hnip² {^m³kn-knsâ I¯o-{U kµÀin-¡p-Ibpw AhnsS {]mÀ°\m \nc-X\mbn kabw Nne-h-gn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. At±-l-¯nsâ aIÄ Cdn-bbpw H¸w Dm-bn-cp-¶p. CXn\p km£yw hln¨ temI am²ya {]Xn-\n-[n-I-tfmSv tKmÀ_-t¨mhv A`n-am-\-]qÀÆw hyà-am¡n: ""Rm³ {InkvXp hnizm-kn-bm-Wv.'' tKmÀ_-t¨m-hnsâ AÊokn kµÀi-\-t¯bpw hnizm-k-{]-Jym-]-\-t¯bpw Cäm-en-b³ ]{X-§Ä hnti-jn-¸n-¨Xv ""kv]ncn-Nz s]cn-kvt{Sm-bn¡'' F¶m-Wv. I½yq-Wn-k-¯n\v Hcp kv]ncn-Nz s]cn-kvt{Sm-bn¡ Bh-iy-ambncn¡p-¶p. AÃmsX \ne-\n-ev]n-Ã.( sP.-kn.-tZhv )
