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വഴിയും സത്യവും മാസിക
Showing posts with label പ്രതികരണം. Show all posts
Showing posts with label പ്രതികരണം. Show all posts
Monday, August 29, 2011
Saturday, August 27, 2011
Wednesday, April 13, 2011
യുക്തിവാദവും നിരീശ്വരവാദവും
bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ aX-¯n\v FXn-cm-sW¶v ]d-bp-sa-¦nepw bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ¡p {]tXy-I-ambn Hcp aXw Bh-iy-am-sW¶ Nn´ iàn-s¸-«n-cp-¶p. CXp kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ Nn´-Ifpw Bi-b-§fpw hnaÀi-\-§fpw \nÀt±-i-§fpw bpàn-hmZn B\p-Im-enI§fn Xs¶ FgpXnbncp-¶p. aX-hn-tcm-[hpw bpàn-hm-Zhpw {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ Xs¶ aXm-Nm-c-§fpw A\p-jvTm-\-§fpw IpSpw-_-§-fnepw kzIm-cy-Po-hn-X-¯nepw kwc-£n¨p t]mcp¶ bpàn-hmZn t\Xm-¡-·m-cp-v. imkv{Xw ssZh-hn-izm-k-¯n\v FXn-cm-sW¶v s]¼p-¼d apg-¡p-¶-hÀ imkv{X-¯n\pw ssZh-¯n\pw X½n i{XpX Btcm-]n-¡p-¶p-v. C¯cw {ia-§Ä¡n-S-bn NmÄkv UmÀPnsâ ]cn-Wm-a-hmZw {kjvSm-hmb ssZh-¯n\pw ssZh-¯nsâ krjvSn-IÀ½-¯n\pw FXn-sc-bpÅ Bbp-[-ambn sXmSp-¯p-hn-Sm-dp-v. ]t£, UmÀPn³ apX C¶v Poh³ tPm_v tXmakv (]-cn-Wm-a-hmZw Xs¶ imkv{Xo-b-ambn sXfn-bn-¡-s¸-«n-«nà F¶ hkvXpX ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Z-¯n\p t\sc Hcp shÃp-hn-fn-bmbn \ne-sIm-Åp-I-bm-Wv.
]cn-Wma hmZ-¯n ]e ]cn-jv¡m-c-§Ä CXn-t\m-SIw kw`-hn¨p Ign-ªp. tcJm-Nn-{X-§Ä ]eXp amdn amdn hc¨p {]N-cn-¸n-¨p. \nc-h[n hymP Ah-Im-ihmZ§Ä \S-¯n. C{X-sbms¡ Bbn«pw ]cn-Wm-a-hmZ¯nse ka-ky-bmbn AXnse ""ImWm-¡®n'' (an-Ên-enwKv en¦v, \jvS-s¸« I®n) Ah-ti-jn-¡p-¶p. bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fpsS BNm-cy-\m-bn-cp¶ s{]m^. F.-än. tIm^q-cn\v ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Z¯nse \jvS-s¸«p t]mb I®n Is¯n F¶ hymP-amb Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-¯n\v tUmIvS-tdäv e`n¨p F¶v bpàn-hmZn B\p-Im-en-I-§-fn hmÀ¯-IÄ h¶n-cp-¶p. ]t£, C¶p-hsc ""ImWm-¡®n'' Ip-In-«n-bn-«nà F¶-XmWv kXyw. tImhq-cnsâ In«m¯ tUmIvS-tdäpw ]n¶oSv bpàn-hmZn hr¯-§-fn Xs¶ hnaÀi-\-¯n\pw hnhm-Z-¯n\pw hgn Hcp¡n. Ata-cn-¡-bnse an¶-tkm-«-bnÂ, bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ¡p tUmIvS-tdäp \evIn. Ahsc _p²n-Po-hn-I-fm¡n DbÀ¯n-¡m-«p¶Xn\v bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ Xs¶ ap³ssI FSp¯v Hcp IS-emkp Øm]\w {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p-s¶v Ah-km\w bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ¡p Xs¶ k½-Xn-t¡n h¶p. Cu Øm]\-am-Wt{X s{]m^. tImhq-cn\v ""tUmIvS-tdäv'' \evIn-bXv! ae-bmfn ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-I³ IqsS-bmb asämcp {]apJ bpàn-hmZn t\Xmhpw tUmIvS-td-än\p thn Cu Øm]-\s¯ kao-]n-¨n-cp-¶p-ht{X! bpàn-hm-Zw, `uXn-I-hm-Zw, \nco-iz-c-hm-Zw, ]cn-Wma hmZw XpS-§nb hnizmk \nt£[ Nn´-IÄ A{]-k-àhpw Aim-kv{Xo-bhpw F¶v hyà-am-¡-s¸«p Ign-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. F¦nepw Cu Nn´m-[m-c-Ifpw ]T\ hnt[-b-am-t¡-Xv Bhiyw Xs¶.
ssZhhpw hnizm-khpw
a\p-jy³ ssZh¯nsâ krjvSn-bm-Wv. ssZh-¯nsâ krjvSn-bpsS aIp-S-amWv a\p-jy³. \Ã-h\pw alm\pw kpµ-c-\p-amb a\p-jy-\mWv ssZh-¯nsâ D¶X krjvSn-sb¶v {_mtâ Fgp-Xn. krjvSn-bmb a\p-jy\pw {kjvSm-hmb ssZhhpw X½n thÀ]n-cn-¡m-\m-hm¯ Bß-_-Ôapv. Cu ssZhm-`n-apJyw hnizm-khpw Bcm-[-\-bp-ambn _Ô-ap-Å-Xm-Wv. ssZhw kXy-am-Wv. ""GI kXy ssZhw'' F¶v ss__nÄ ssZhs¯ hnti-jn-¸n-¡p-¶p. (B-h. 6:4, tbml. 17:3, 2 tbml, 5:20) ssZhw kXy-am-Wv. ]t£, ssZhs¯ kw_-Ôn¨v kXy-hn-cp-²-amb Ht«sd am\p-jn-I-amb A`n-{]m-b-§fpw [mc-W-Ifpw kaq-l-¯n {]N-cn-¸n-¡-s¸-«n-«p-v. CXmWv AÔ-hn-izm-k-§-fpsS Dd-hn-Sw. Cu sXämb [mc-W-IÄ Xncp-¯p-t¼mÄ am{Xta a\p-jy-\n \n¶pw AÔ-hn-izm-k-§ÄIpSn-bn-d-§p-I-bp-Åq. ChnsS imkv{X-Úm-\-t¯m-sSm¸w ssZh-imkv{X Úm\hpw a\p-jy\v Bh-iy-am-Wv.
bYmÀ° ssZhs¯ kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ icn-bmb [mcW P\-§Ä¡pw e`n-¡-Ww. ssZhw Xnc-kv¡-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶n-S¯v hymP ssZhw Ibdn IqSpw. hnizmkw CÃm-¯n-S¯v AÔ-hn-izmkw {]Xn-jvTn-¡-s¸-Spw. H¶p-In ssZhhpw hnizm-khpw AsÃ-¦n hymP ssZhhpw AÔ-hn-izm-k-hpw. CX-ÃmsX iq\y-ambn InS-¡p¶ Hcp a\Êv a\p-jy-\n-Ã. a\-Ên G´mtWm {]Xn-jvTn-¡-s¸-«n-«p-ÅXv AXns\ B[m-c-am-¡n-bmIpw Pohn-X-hpw. ssZh-¯n\pw hnizm-k-¯n\pw ssZh-¯nsâ krjvSn-bmb a\p-jy-\n-epÅ kzm[o\w A{X hen-b-Xm-Wv. bYmÀ° hnizm-k-¯n-tebv¡p P\w \bn-¡-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ hymP-ssZ-hhpw AÔ-hn-izm-khpw a\pjy a\-Ên \n¶v Cd-§n-t¸m-Ipw.
krjvSn-bmb a\p-jy\pw {kjvSm-hmb ssZhhpw X½n thÀ]n-cn-bm-\m-hm¯ Bß-_-Ô-ap-s¶v kqNn-¸n-¨p-h-tÃm. a\p-jy³ ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn ssZh-hn-izmknbmWv. a\p-jy-\nse ià-hpw-hy-à-hp-amb ssZhm-`n-apJyw Xs¶ AXn\p sXfn-hv. a\pjy a\-Ên BZyw ]Xn-ªXv ssZh-hn-Nmcw Xs¶. AhnsS ssZh-¯nsâ ssIs¿m¸p ]Xnª ssZh-ta-J-e-bp-v. anJm-tb tKmÀº-t¨m-hnsâ hm¡p-I-fnÂ. ""Ah-K-Wn-¡m-\m-hm¯ Hcp B´-cnI {]]-©w'' (s]-cn-kvt{Sm-bn-¡). CXp XnI¨pw Bßo-bhpam-Wv. ssZh-kv]Ài-\-¯nsâ ap{Z-bm-Wv. ssZhnI DS-a-Ø-X-bpsS AS-bm-fw. Cu ASn-Øm\ B`n-ap-Jyhpw AS-bm-fhpw a\-Ên \n¶pw amdp-I-bn-Ã. ]n¶oSv bpàn-hm-Zhpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw I½yq-Wn-khpw Ib-dn-¡qSn F¶p Icp-Xp-I. AtXmsS a\p-jy³ bpàn-hm-Zhpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw I½yq-Wn-Ìp-ambn thjw amdn. Cusbmcp amä-¯n a\p-jy³ km¦-ev]n-I-ambn \nco-iz-c-hmZn F¶p ]d-bmw. \nco-iz-c-hm-Zntb Bbn-«p-Åq; Cuizc cln-X-\m-bn-«-Ã. CsXmcp XXz-Nn-´m-]-c-am-b, Bi-b-]-c-amb {]iv\w am{X-am-Wv. Ah-\nse ASn-Øm-\-]-c-amb ssZhm-h-t_m[w Hcn-¡epw \jvS-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã. AX-h-\n \ne-\n-ev¡p-I-bm-Wv. a\p-jysâ AØn-Xz-t¯m-sSm¸w ssZhm-h-t_m-[hpw \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p.
bpàn-hm-Z-¯n-tâbpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Z-¯n-tâbpw I½yq-Wn-k-¯n-tâbpw ASn-bn BZyw Dm-bn-cp¶ ssZhm-h-t_m[w kpc-£n-X-ambn InS-¸p-v. A§s\ Ct¸mÄ a\p-jy³ bpàn-hmZnbmb ssZh-hn-izm-kn-bpw, \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-bmb ssZh-hn-izm-knbpw I½yq-Wn-Ìmb ssZh-hn-izm-kn-bp-ambn Adn-b-s¸-Sp¶p F¶p am{Xw! ]pd¯v A§s\ Adn-b-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ Xs¶ Ah-\nse ]gb a\p-jy³ ssZh-hn-izmkn Xs¶-bm-Wv. {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn ]gb a\p-jys\ ]qÀ®-ambpw XyPn¨v {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-{]-Imcw XnIhp {]m]n¨ bpàn-hm-Zntbm \nco-iz-c-hm-Zntbm I½yq-WntÌm BIp-¶n-Ã. a\-Ê-dn-bmsX, `mKn-I-ambn Hcp amäw am{Xta ChnsS kw`-hn-¨n-«p-Åq.
a\-Ên X«p-¶, Ne-\-§Ä Dm-¡p¶ kml-N-cy-§Ä h¶mÂ, kml-N-cy-§-tfbpw kw`-h-§-tfbpw A\p-`-h-§-tfbpw kXy-k-Ô-ambn hnth-Nn-¡p-hm³ Ah-kcw Dm-bmÂ, Hcp hop hnNm-c-¯n\p hnt[-b-\m-bm Ah-\nse ssZhm-h-t_m[w ]pd-¯-dn-bpw. C¯cw A\p-`-h-§Ä C¶p [mcm-f-am-Wv. F.-hn. Bcy³ AXn-hn-¹-h-Im-cn-bmb I½yq-Wn-Ìm-bn-cp-¶p. 1967-þ70 Ime-L-«-¯n Fw.-FÂ.-F-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p. At±-l-¯nsâ `mcy I½yq-Wn-Ìp-Im-cnbpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-bp-amb kmhn{Xn Bcy³ Pohn-X-¯nsâ {]Xn-k-Ôn-bn a\Êp thZ-\n¨v \nco-iz-c-hmZw hnkva-cn¨v ssZhs¯ hnfn¨p {]mÀ°n-¨p. CXn-s\-Xnsc tcmjw sImn«p Imcy-an-Ã. a\p-jysâ lrZ-b-¯n-sâ, a\-Ênsâ ASn-¯-«n InS-¡p¶ ssZh-hn-Nm-cs¯ CÃm-Xm-¡p-hm³ Hcp {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-¯n\pw kb³kn\pw km²y-a-Ã. tIm«-b¯v Hcp ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-I³ IqsS-bmb {]apJ bpàn-hmZn t\Xmhv tIcf `qjWw Hm^o-kn tPmen-bn {]th-in¨ A¶v Ccn-¡p-hm³ e`n¨ ""Id-§p¶ Itkc'' bn \n¶pw s]s«¶v NmSn Fgp-t¶äv ""C« adpXm Itkc'' amdn XcWw F¶m-h-iy-s¸«p! AÔ-hn-izm-kn-bmb bpàn-hm-Znbpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Znbpw? ssZhnI `qan-I-bn-tebv¡v NphSp amän Nhn«n \S-¡p¶ bpàn-hm-Zn-Ifpw `uXnI hmZn-Ifpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-Ifpw I½yq-Wn-Ìp-Ifpw C¶v hf-sc-bm-Wv. I½yq-WnÌp ]mÀ«n AwK-am-b, tem\-j³ \¼m-Ssâ hm¡p-IÄ {i²n-¡p-I. ""Rms\mcp hnizm-kn-bmb amÀIvkn-Ìm-Wv. \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-b-Ã. ]Ån-bn t]mIpw. Rm³ Dd¨ ssZh-hn-izm-kn-bm-Wv. kpdn-bm\n It¯m-en-¡-\m-Wv. aXm-\p-jvTm\§fnseÃmw ]s¦-Sp-¡p-¶p-v. Ignª ]Xn-\©p hÀj-ambn ]mÀ«n AwK-am-Wv. I½yq-WnÌv ]mÀ«n Hcn-¡epw aX-¯ns\m hnizm-k-¯ns\m FXn-cmb \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-¨n-«n-Ã. 95 iX-am\w I½yq-Wn-Ìp-Imcpw aX-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-Wv.'' \¼m-S³ amÌÀ am{X-a-Ã, ]nW-dmbn hnP-b\pw inh-Zm-k-ta-t\m\pw lwkbpw hn.-F-kv.-A-Nyp-Xm-\-µ\pw ]n. tKmhn-µ-]n-Åbpw C¡mcyw Xpd¶p k½-Xn-¨n-«p-v.
ssZh-¯n\pw aX-¯n\pw FXnsc
I½yq-Wn-Ìp-I-fn 95 iX-am-\hpw aX-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-sW¶p ]d-bp-t¼mÄ I½yq-Wnkw {]t_m-[n-¸n¨ `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw Ime-l-c-W-s¸«p F¶p a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. 95 iX-am\w I½yq-Wn-Ìp-I-fn ssZh-hn-izmkw iàn-s¸«p Ignªp F¶p hyàw. Fgp-]-¯n-b©p hÀjw sImv {]b-Xv\n-¨n«pw ssZh-hn-izm-k-¯n\p £Xtaev]n-¡p-hm³ I½yq-Wn-k-¯n\p Ign-ªn-«p-an-Ã. ""]ptcm-ln-X-cpsS ]n´p-Wtbm au\m-\p-hm-Ztam CÃmsX CS-Xp-]-£-¯n\v iàn-bmÀÖn-hm-Ztam CÃmsX CS-Xp-]-£-¯n\v iàn-bmÀÖn-¡p-hm³ Ign-bp-I-bnÃ'' F¶p tem\-¸³ \¼m-S³ ]d-bp-t¼mÄ aX-hn-izmkw A{X-Iv ià-am-sW¶v Ønco-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bm-Wv. aXt¯mSpw ssZh-hn-izm-k-t¯mSpw N§m¯w IqSp-hm³ C¶nsâ I½yq-Wn-Ìp-IÄ Xo{h-{iaw \S-¯p-¶p-s-¦nepw Imd amÀIvkn-tâbpw se\n-tâbpw \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ asäm-¶m-bn-cp-¶p. Imd amÀIvkv FgpXn: ""\n§Ä kÀÆ-i-ànbpw D]-tbm-Kn¨v ssZhw F¶ Bi-bs¯ IqsS D·q-e\w sN¿-Ww. cp Imc-W-§-fm a\pjy {]IrXn amdn-t¸m-bn. H¶v kzImcy kz¯v. cm-a-t¯Xv aX-t_m-[w. kzIm-cy-kz-¯p-Sa a\p-jys\ hyh-km-tbm-S-a-Ø-tâbpw aX-t_m[w a\p-jys\ ssZh-¯n-tâbpw ASn-a-bm-¡n. Bb-Xn-\m kzImcy kz¯p-S-a-tbbpw Cuiz-c-t_m-[-t¯bpw X¨p-S-bv¡p-I. At¸mÄ a\p-jy³ kzX-{´-\m-Ipw, Ah-s\mcp ssZh-am-Ipw.'' {^U-dn¡v GwKÂkv FgpXn: ""I½yq-Wn-k-¯nsâ AkvXn-Xz-¯n Hcp {kjvSm-hns\m \nb-´m-hnt\m Øm\-an-Ã.'' se\nsâ hm¡p-IÄ {i²n¡p: ""amÀIvkn-k-¯nsâ XXz-]-c-amb ASn-Øm\w amÀIvkpw GwKÂkpw BhÀ¯n¨p {]kvXm-hn-¨-Xp-t]mse Ub-e-IvSn-¡Â saäo-cn-b-en-kwþ hÀ¤-ssh-cp-²ym-[n-jvTnX ]ZmÀ°hmZw BIp-¶p. Cu ]ZmÀ°-hm-Z-am-I-s«, ]cn-tOZw \nco-iz-c-]-chpw hn«p-ho-gvN-bn-Ãm¯ hn[w kÀÆ-aX hncp-²-hp-am-Wv.'' ""amÀIvkn-kw, saäo-cn-b-enkw ]ZmÀ°-hmZw AYh `uXnI hmZw BIp-¶p. B \ne-bn AXv aX-¯n-s\-Xn-cmbn kÔn CÃm¯ hn[w kacw \S-¯pw.''
""Bßm-hn''s\ sh«n-am-äp-Itbm?
`uXn-I-hmZw FSp¯p ]dªv ""hyàn'' bn \n¶pw ""Bßm-hns\'' sh«n-am-än. a\p-jys\ shdpw `uXn-I-\m¡n sh«n-¨-pcp-¡n. tZlw, tZln, Bßmhv F¶o {Xnhn[ `mh-§Ä DÄt¨À¶-XmWv a\p-jy³. a\p-jy-\nse Bßm-hns\ \ntj-[n-¨p. AtXmsS ssZhw, hnizm-kw, hnip-²n, Bßob aqey-§Ä, ac-Wm-\-´c PohnXw XpS-§nb bmYmÀ°y-§Ä Ah-K-Wn-¡-s¸-«p. ssZh-¯n-s\-Xnsc I½yq-Wn-Ìp-ImÀ bp²w XpS-§n. \nco-iz-c-hmZw Cu HutZym-Kn-I-ambn {]Jym-]n-¡-s¸-«p. ssZhw Csöv imkv{Xo-b-amtbm {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-c-amtbm sXfn-bn-¡p-hm³ km²y-a-sÃ-¦nepw I½yq-Wnkw ssZh-¯n\pw ssZh-hn-izm-k-¯n\pw FXnsc FSp¯ \ne-]mSv iàhpw {Iqchpw ITn-\hpw bpàn-hn-cp-²-hp-am-bn-cp-¶p. 1917þse HIvtSm-_À hn¹hw djy-bnse ss{IkvXh k`bv¡p \evIn-bXv Ipcnipw apÄ¡n-co-Shpw Bbn-cp-¶p. ""e£yw amÀ¤s¯ \ymbo-I-cn-¡p¶p'' F¶ \ne-]m-Sm-bn-cp-¶p. I½yq-Wn-k-¯n-tâ-Xv. `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-¡p-¶-Xn\v GXp amÀ¤hpw kzoI-cn¡mw F¶p h¶p.
tKmÀ_-t¨mhpw s]cn-kvt{Sm-bn-¡bpw
1989-þ tkmhn-bäv bqWn-bsâ ]c-am-[n-Im-cn-bmbn tKmÀ_-t¨hv sXcsªSp¡-s¸«t¸mÄ AXn Hcp ssZhnI \ntbmKw Dm-bn-cp-¶p. `uXn-I-hm-Z-¯n\pw \nco-iz-c-hm-Z-¯n\pw H¶mw Øm\w \evIp-¶Xpw ssZh-¯n\p {]th-i\w \ntj-[n-¡-s¸-«-Xp-amb tkmhn-bäv bqWn-b-\nse ]c-am-[n-Im-cn-bpsS sXc-sª-Sp-¸n F´p ssZhnI \ntbmKw? ssZhw CS-s]«p F¶p Xs¶-bm-Wv, ]n¶o-Sp-mb kw`-h-hn-Im-k-§Ä hnfn¨p ]d-ª-Xv. Imd amÀIvkn \n¶pw Gsd hyXy-kvX-\mWv {InkvXp F¶v tKmÀ_n Xncn-¨-dn-ªp. amÀIvkn\v ImWp-hm³ Ign-bmsX t]mbXv {InkvXp hfsc t\cs¯ shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw {]t_m-[n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-¶p-sh-¶Xv tKmÀ_n a\-Ên-em-¡n. a\p-jysâ apgp-h³ {]iv\-§-fp-ambpw {]Xn-I-cn-¡p-hm³ Ignbpw F¶p I-tXmsS tKmÀ_n {InkvXp-hn\p \evInb Øm\w amÀIvkn\p apI-fn-em-bn-cp-¶p. I½yq-Wnkw \nco-iz-c-hm-Z-¯nsâ _Ô-\-¯n-em-sW¶ t_m[hpw tKmÀ_nsb Akz-Ø-\m-¡n-bn-cp-¶p. F¦nepw At±-l-¯nsâ Nn´-I-fnepw Fgp-¯p-I-fnepw {]kw-K-§-fnepw kw`m-j-W-§-fnepw {InkvXphpw amÀIvkpw amÀIvkpw {InkvXphpw C§s\ amdn amdn h¶p sImn-cp-¶p. \mkvXn-I-\mb tKmÀ_n-bn ià-amb ssZhm-`n-apJyw {]I-S-ambn hcn-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
tKmÀº-t¨m-hnsâ hop-hn-Nmcw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ ]pXnb Nn´-bm-Wv. ""s]cn-kvt{Sm-bn-¡.''1988 sabv amk-¯n tNÀ¶ ]mÀ«n tbmKw s]cn-kvt{Sm-bn¡ F¶ \qX\ kn²m-´-¯n\v ]qÀ® cq]w \evIn. I½yq-Wnkw F¶ {]Xy-b-im-kv{Xhpw tkmhn-bäv bqWn-bsâ I½yq-WnÌp `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\hpw Hcp t]mse s]mfn-¨-S-¡p¶ A\p-`-h-amWv ]n¶o-Sp-m-b-Xv. ssZh-hn-izm-k-¯n\v FXnsc \ne-\n¶ \ntcm-[\w \o¡n, aX-¯n\p kzmX{´yw e`n-¨p. s]cn-kvt{Sm-bn-¡-bpsS i_vZw HSp-hn-sem-Sp-hn `uXn-I-hm-Z-¯n-tâbpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Z-¯n-tâbpw ac-W-a-Wn-bmbn amdn. hniz-{]-kn-²-amb s]cn-kvt{Sm-bn-¡-bnse ssZhm-`n-apJyw {i²n-¡p¶hÀ¡p Xncn-¨-dn-bphm³ km[n-¡pw. tKmÀ_n FgpXn: ""Hcp hyàn-bpsS B´-cnI temIs¯ am\n-¡p-Ibpw Ah\v [mÀ½n-I-ambn Icp¯v \evIp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sImv hyànsb Bßo-b-ambn DbÀ¯pI F¶-XmWv C¶v R§-fpsS {][m\ tPmen.'' ""I½yq-Wn-Ìp-Im-cmb R§Ä ]d-bp-¶-Xp-t]mse a\p-jy³ shdp-samcp ]ZmÀ°-a-Ã. Ah³ Bßm-hp-Å-h-\m-Wv. Ah³ Bßo-b-\m-Wv. Ah-\n Bßm-hp-v. `uXnI hmZ-¯n\p ImWm³ Ign-bmsX t]mb Hcp B´-cnI temIw Ah-\n Dv.'' ""s]cn-kvt{Sm-bn¡''tbmSp IqSn, ssZh-¯n\p \ntcm-[\w \ne-\n¶ tkmhn-bäv bqWn-b-\n ssZhw Xncn-s¨-¯n. Pohn-¡p-Ibpw {]hÀ¯n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ ssZh-¯n-\p-th-n, cmPy-¯nsâ Ihm-S-§Ä am{X-a-Ã, P\-X-bpsS lrZb Ihm-S-§fpw Xpd-¡-s¸-«p. I½yq-Wn-k-¯nsâ Xd-bn-emWv `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw bpàn-hm-Zhpw hfÀ¶p h¶-Xv. I½yq-Wnkw ]cm-P-b-s¸-«-tXmsS \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw bpàn-hm-Zhpw ]cm-Pbw Gäp-hm-§n. I½yq-Wn-k-amWv bpàn-hmZn {]Øm-\s¯ hfÀ¯n-b-sX¶pw bpàn-hmZn {]Øm-\-¯nse BZy-Ime {]hÀ¯-Icpw AwK-§fpw I½yq-Wn-Ìp-I-fm-bn-cp¶p F¶pw bp.-I-em-\m-Ys\ t]mepÅ bpàn-hmZn t\Xm-¡-·mÀ shfn-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-v. Cu shfn-s¸-Sp-¯-ens\ asämcp hn`mKw bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ XÅn-¸-d-ªn-«pv F¦nepw kXyw Iem-\m-Y³ Fgp-Xn-bXp Xs¶. bpàn-hmZn {]Øm-\-¯nsâ Bi-b-t¯mSpw {]hÀ¯-\-ssi-entbmSpw I½yq-WnÌp ]mÀ«n tbmPn-¡p-¶n-söv C.-Fw.-F-kv, ]nW-dmbn hnP-b³ F¶n-hÀ hyà-am-¡n-bn«pw Dv. C.-Fw.-Fkpw CS-a-dpIpw X½n ap¼p \S¶ Hcp kwhmZw ChnsS HmÀ¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. bm{´nI bpàn-hm-Z-¯n-s\-Xnsc I½yq-WnÌp ssk²m-´nI\mbn-cp¶ C.-Fw.-Fkv \¼q-Xn-¸mSv bpàn-hm-Zhpw I½yq-Wn-Ìp-Imcpw F¶ {KÙ-¯n ià-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-¡p-¶pv (1984). I½yq-Wn-khpw bpàn-hm-Zhpw \nco-iz-c-hmZw ASn-Øm\ {]t_m-[-\-ambn DbÀ¯n-¡m-«m-dp-s-¦nepw I½yq-WnÌp ]mÀ«n-bnepw bpàn-hmZn {]Øm-\-¯nepw AwKXzw t\Sp¶Xn\v Cuiz-c-hn-izmkw \ntj-[n-¡-W-sa¶pw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-bm-bn-cn-¡-W-sa¶pw cp {]Øm-\-§-fp-tSbpw `cW LS-\-I-fn tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«n-Ã. \nco-iz-c-hmZw imkv{Xo-b-ambn sXfn-bn-¡m-\m-hnà F¶ Xncn-¨-dn-hmWv bpàn-hmZn {]Øm-\-¯n-tâbpw I½yq-WnÌp ]mÀ«n-bp-tSbpw `c-W-L-S-\-IÄ shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p¶Xv.
bpàn-hm-Zhpw `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw
F´mWv bpàn-hmZw? tIc-f-¯nse bpàn-hm-Z {]Øm\-¯nsâ Øm]I t\Xm-¡-·m-cn {]ap-J-\mb Ipän-¸pg Fgp-Xp¶p: ""Cw¥o-jn dmj-W-enkw F¶ hm¡n\v ae-bm-f-¯n km[m-cW ]dªp hcp¶ t]cm-WtÃm bpàn-hm-Zw. Cu ]Zw sImv hnh-£n-XmÀ°w thp-thmfw shfn-hm-¡p¶ ØnXn¡v CXnsâ hymI-c-Whpw hyp¸-¯nbpw aäpw icntbm sXtäm F¶v At\z-jn¨v kabw If-tb--Xn-Ã. bpànsb AYhm \ymbs¯ Ah-ew-_n¨p sImpÅ hmZ-amWv bpàn-hmZw F¶v GhÀ¡pw Adn-bm-hp-¶XmWv.'' bpàn-hm-Z-¯n\v bpàn-bp-à-ambn \nÀÆ-N-\tam hni-Zo-I-c-Wtam \evImsX Ipän-¸pg hn«p \nev¡p-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS. hymI-c-Whpw hyp¸-¯nbpw At\z-jn-¨pÅ bm{Xsb \ntcm-[n-¡p¶ At±lw XoÀ¯pw efn-X-amb Hcp hni-Zo-I-cWw \evIn kwXr-]vX-\m-Ip¶p: ""bpànsb AYhm \ymbs¯ Ah-ew-_n-¨pÅ hmZ-amWv bpàn-hm-Zw.'' Ipän-¸p-gbpw CS-adp ]h-\\pw bpàn-hmZw F´mWv? F¶-Xn\p IrXy-ambpw bpàn-bp-à-ambpw adp-]Sn ]dbphm³ {ian-¡msX aq¶p hgn-I-fn-tebv¡p Xncnªp t]mhp-I-bm-Wv.
""Imc-W-§-fn-ÃmsX Imcy-§-fp-m-hnà F¶ Nn´m-KXn XXz-Nn-´m-]-c-ambn hfsc {]m[m\yw AÀln-¡p¶ H¶m-Wv. Imc-W-§sf At\z-jn-¡p¶ Nn´m-]-²-Xn-bmWv bpàn-hm-Zw. AXns\ Imc-Wm-t\z-jW hmZ-sat¶m tlXp-hm-Z-sat¶m ]d-bp-¶-Xm-bn-cn¡pw IqSp-X icn. Adnhv icntbm sXtäm F¶v \nÝ-bn-¡m-\pÅ icn-bmb hgn Imcy-Imcy hnNn-´-\-am-sW¶ hkvXp-X-bbmWv bpàn-hmZw F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xv. bmYmÀ°yw AlIe-am-sW¶pw AXn\p bpàn-k-l-amb LS\m ZrV-X-bp-s¶pw bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ Icp-Xp-¶p. bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ¡p F´n\pw sXfn-hp-m-bn-cn-¡-Ww. F¶m AhÀ A\p-`-ssh-I-hm-Z-¯n\v FXn-cm-Wv. Adnhv A\p-`-hs¯ am{Xw B{i-bn-¨n-«pÅXsöpw a\p-jysâ Imcy-Imcy hnth-N-\-i-àn¡v A\p-`-h-¯n-\-¸pdw DÅ Adnhv Is-¯m³ Ign-bp-sa¶pw bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ Icp-Xp-¶p. bpàn-hm-Zn-I-fpsS \ne-]mSv Gähpw \à \ne-bn hyà-am-Ip-¶Xv Adn-hns\ kw_-Ôn¨v kn²m-´-§-tfm-SpÅ Ah-cpsS kao-]-\-¯n \n¶m-Wv. a\p-jysâ Adn-hn\v ]eXpw A\p-`-hm-Xo-X-am-Wv. C{µn-bm-\p-`-h-§Ä \½n A¼-c¸pw Bi-b-¡p-g-¸-hp-am-Wp-m-¡p-¶-Xv. A\p-`-h-ssh-I-hm-Zn-IÄ FÃm kXy-§fpw C{µn-bm-\p-`-h-§-fn IqsS am{Xta Adn-bm³ Ignbq F¶p iTn-¡p-¶p. Cu hmZw icn-b-sÃ-¶-Xn\p bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ \nc-¯n-sh-bv¡p¶ sXfn-hp-IÄ A\n-tj-[y-§-fm-Wv. kmÀh-{Xn-I-ambn AwKo-Imcw e`n¨ hkvXp-X-I-fn ]eXpw kn²m-´-]-c-amb Úm\w sImv Dm-b-Xm-Wv. A\p-`hw sImv Ahsb sXfn-bn-¡p-Itbm AwKo-I-cn-¡p-Itbm sNt¿ Bh-iy-an-Ã. ""aq¶v'' F§s\ ]d-ªmepw ""aq¶v'' Xs¶. CXn A\p-`-h-¯nsâ {]iv\ta CÃ. Hmtcm hyàn-bpsS a\-Ênsâ ØnXnbpw Ignhpw hyXy-kvX-am-I-bm A\p-`hw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-¡pw. AXp-sImv A\p-`-h-¯n \n¶v DÄs¡m-Åm-hp¶ Adnhpw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-¡pw. CXns\ Adnhv F¶v hnfn-¡mtam F¶ Imcyw Xs¶ kwi-b-amWv F´mWv bpàn-hmZw F¶p hni-Zo-I-cn¨p sImv ]h-\³ C§s\ FgpXn t]mIp-¶p. CS-a-dp-Insâ hni-Zo-I-c-Ww. ""bpàn-hmZ cmjv{Sw'' Øm]n-¡pI F¶ e£y-¯n-em-Wv. At±lw I½yq-Wn-ks¯ tNmZyw sN¿p-¶p-ap-v.
]h-\-tâbpw Cu adp-In-tâbpw bpàn-hmZ ZÀi-\-§sf C.-Fw.-F-kv. \¼q-Xn-cn-¸mSv hnaÀin-¡p-¶p-v. C.-Fw.-Fkv Fgp-Xp-¶p: ""bpànhmZw amÀIvkn-k-¯n\p ]Icw sh¡p¶ Hcp Nn´m-]-²-Xn-b-söv ]h-\³ ]d-bp-¶p. BsW-¶v, amÀIvkn-k-¯n\pw D]-cn-bmb Hcp ]²-Xn-bm-sW¶v CS-a-dpIv BW-bn-«p-¶p. CS-a-dpIv C´y³ bpàn-hmZn kwL-¯nsâ {]-kn-Uâm-Wv. ]h-\³ AXnsâ sshkv {]kn-Uâm-Wv. bpàn-hmZn kwL-S-\sb Hcp kmwkvIm-cnI kwL-S-\-bm-b-Ã, cmjv{Sob kwL-S\bmbn-¯-s¶-bmWv CS-a-dpIp ImWp-¶-Xv. Bß-\n-jvT-ambn ]h-\³ AXn-t\mSp tbmPn-¡p-¶pthm CÃtbm F¶Xv At±-l-¯n\p am{Xta Adn-bm-hq. F¶m hkvXp-\n-jvT-ambn t\m¡p-t¼mÄ At±-lhpw C´y³ bpàn-hm-Zn-kw-L-¯nepw tIcf bpàn-hmZn kwL-¯nepw {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Ah-cpsS kl-{]-hÀ¯-Icpw (amÀIvkn-Ìp-Im-c-S-¡w) CS-a-dpIv {]`r-Xn-I-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-¯n-epÅ "amÀIvknÌv hncp²' cmjv{Sob {]Øm-\s¯ iàn-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bmWv sN¿p-¶-Xv. C.-Fw.-F-kv. \¼q-Xncn¸mSnsâ hnaÀi-\-¯n \n¶pw a\-Ên-em-¡m-hp¶ Nne hkvXp-X-I-fp-v. bpàn-hmZn {]Øm\w `n¶n¨p amdn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. t\Xm-¡-·mÀ¡v ]c-kv]-c-[m-c-Wsbm A`n-{]mb sFIytam CÃ. bpàn-hmZw F´v? F¶ ASn-Øm\ tNmZy-¯n\p t]mepw hyXy-kvX-§-fmb adp-]-Sn-I-fm-Wp-Å-Xv. bpàn-hm-Z-¯nsâ ASn-Øm\ {]-t_m-[-\-amb \nco-izc hmZhpw `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw ssIhn«p t]mbn-cn-¡p-¶p. bpàn-hmZn {]Øm-\-¯nsâ e£yw cmjv{So-b-ambn A[x-]-Xn-¨p. I½yq-Wn-khpw bpàn-hm-Zhpw X½n hSn-Ip¯n ]ncn-ªp. bpàn-hmZn {]Øm-\-¯nsâ kmwkvIm-cnI apJw \jvS-s¸«p!
{Ko¡p ZmÀi-\n-I-cmb ]nY tKmd-kv, tkm{I-«okv, AcntÌm«nÂ, t¹täm XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS Nn´-I-fn \n¶mWv bpàn-hmZw cq]-s¸-«Xv F¶p bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sp-¶p-s-¦nepw Cu ZmÀi-\n-I-cpsS ZÀi-\-§Ä \mkvXn-I-]-chpw `uXn-I-hm-Z-]-c-hp-am-sW¶v sXfn-bn-¡m-\m-hn-Ã. 16, 17 \qäm-p-I-fn Bcw-`n¨ B[p-\nI bpàn-hmZw AXnsâ hfÀ¯-¨-·m-cmbn sd\n Zv ImÀs¯ (1590-þ1650) kv]nt\mk (1632-þ1677) sse_v\nÕv (1636-þ1716) XpS-§n-b-hsc Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p. Ch-cpsS ZÀi-\-§-fn Ds¶p ]d-bp¶ `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw kwi-bm-kv]-Z-am-Wv.-C.-Fw.-F-knsâ hm¡p-I-fn ""As¶ms¡ kmam-\y-_p-²n-bp-sSþ bpàn-bp-sSþ ASn-Øm-\-¯n {]kvXm-h-\-Ifpw {]Jym-]-\-§fpw \S-¯mt\ Ign-ªn-«p-Åq.'' ]co-£-Wm-ßI imkv{X-¯nsâ ]n³_-e-an-Ãm¯ Ah-cpsS ZÀi-\-§Ä ]Iz-X-{]m-]n¡m¯ shdpw Ip«n¯ Pev]-\-§Ä am{X-am-Wv. tIc-f-¯n ktlm-Z-c³ A¿-¸\pw cma-hÀ½ X¼m\pw Fw.-kn.-tPm-k^pw Ipän-¸p-gbpw tIc-f-¯nsâ kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb ]cn-hÀ¯\w e£yw sh¨p-sImv bpàn-hmZ Bi-b-§Ä {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-hm³ XpS-§n. CS-a-dpIp XpS-§n-b-hÀ bpàn-hmZ Bi-b-§-fpsS kwL-S\m hXv¡-c-W-¯n-\mWv {ian-¨-Xv. Fw.-kn. tPmk^v bpàn-hmZn kwL-¯n AwKXzw FSp-¯n-Ã. Fw.-kn. tPmk-^ns\ I]-S-bp-àn-hmZn F¶v CS-ap-dpIp hnaÀin-¨p. CS-ap-dp-¡ns\ Ah-k-c-hmZn F¶pw bpàn-hmZn {]Øm-\s¯ XIÀ¯Xv CS-a-dpImsW¶v aäp bpàn-hmZn t\Xm-¡Ä CubnsS FgpXn Ip. bpàn-hmZn {]Øm\w C¶v XIÀ¶p Xcn-¸-W-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Hcp hkvXpX Xncn-¨-dn-bp-I. bpàn, Nn´, _p²n F¶nh bpàn-hmZn kwL-¯n AwKXzw FSp-¡p-t¼mÄ e`n-¡p-¶-X-Ã. Ah ssZhoI Zm\-§-fm-Wv. bpàn-hm-Z-aà Bhiyw bpàn-t_m-[tam bpàn-hn-Nm-ctam BWv. Ata-cn-¡-bnse an¶-tkm-«-bnse Hcp IS-emkp Øm]-\-¯n \n¶pw Hcp hymP tUmIvS-tdäp In«n-bm Adn-hnsâ kÀÆÚ ]oTw Ibdn F¶v kzbw Icp-X-cp-Xv. Adn-hn\v A\p-`-h-ambn_Ô-ap-v. bpàn-hmZn ssZhw Csöp ]d-sª¶p hcpw. AX-hsâ _nÊn-\-Êm-Wv. F¶n«pw bpàn-hmZn Nne-t¸m-sgms¡ ssZhw Ds¶v ]dªp t]mIp-¶p. bpàn t_m[tam bpàn-hn-Nm-ctam Dv. Hcp _p²n-Po-hn¡pw ssZhw Csöp ]d-bm-\m-hn-Ã. AhÀ ssZhs¯ A\p-`-hn-¨-dn-bp-¶p. Ah-cpsS a\-Ên BZyw ]Xnª ssZhm-h-t_m[w AhÀ sXm«-dn-bp-¶p. bpàn-t_m-[-apÅ Bßo-b-\mWv Hcp ssZh hnizm-kn.
IS-sa-Sp-¯Xv Gsd
ss__n-fn \n¶pw {InkvXp-hnsâ {]t_m-[-\-§-fn \n¶pw BZna ss{IkvXh kaq-l-¯nsâ amXr-I-bn \n¶pw al-¯mb ktµ-i-§Ä IS-sa-Sp¯v (]p-d. 16:11-þ18, At¸m, {]\r-¯n. 2:44-þ47, 4:32-þ35, tdma. 15:27, 2 sIm-cn. 8: 13-þ15) Imd amÀIvkv kz´w Bi-b-¯n DÄtNÀ¯v I½yq-Wn-k-¯n\v cq]w \evIn. A\o-Xns¡Xnsc, Xn·-bvs¡-Xnsc {InkvXp ià-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-¨p. temIw In-«pÅ Gähpw henb hn¹-h-Im-cn-sb¶pw tkmjy-en-s̶pw {InkvXp-hns\ Ncn{Xw hnti-¸n-¡p-¶p. C¶s¯ amÀIvkn-b³ cmjv{Sob {]kw-K-§-fn t]mepw {InkvXp-hnsâ hm¡p-IÄ ssien-I-fmbn ]3-Xn-jvTn-¡-s¸-«p. ss__n-fnse ]pXnb \nb-ahpw BZn-Ime ss{IkvXh kaq-l-¯nsâ Ncn-{Xhpw hmbn-¨n-«pÅ GwKÂkv ]d-bp-¶Xv: ""Cu IrXn-IÄ temI I½yq-WnÌp {]Øm-\-¯nse {]i-kvX-cmb GtXm Fgp-¯p-ImÀ Fgp-Xn-bXp t]mse tXm¶pw'' F¶m-Wv. BZn-a-Ime ss{IkvXh IrXn-I-fn-tebpw I½yq-Wn-k-¯n-tebpw kmZr-iy-amWv A§s\ Hc-`n-{]mbw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-hm³ GwKÂkns\ t{]cn-¸n-¨-Xn. BZna ss{IkvXh k`bpw ]s¯m³]Xmw \qäm-nse sXmgn-emfn {]Øm-\hpw X½n-epÅ kmZr-iys¯ GwKÂkv H¶n-tesd {]mhiyw FSp¯p Im«n-bn-«pv (Marx and Engels on religion 180-186, 275-300). Class struggles in France 1848-50 F¶ amÀIvknsâ IrXn¡v GwKÂkv Fgp-Xnb Ah-Xm-cn-I-bnepw C¡mcyw {]tXyIw ]cm-aÀin-¡p-¶p-v.
ss__n-fn-tâbpw {InkvXp-hn-tâbpw BZna ss{IkvXh kaq-l-¯n-tâbpw kzm[o\w ""I½yq-Wnk'' ¯n {]I-S-am-Wv. 1516-þse kÀ tXmakv aqdnsâ Dt«m-¸nb F¶ IrXnbpw 1623-þse sUman\n ¡³ k\ym-kn-bmb tXmakv Im_s\sÃbpsS Civitar solisF¶ IrXnbpw Imd amÀIvkns\ kzm[o-\n-¨n-«p-v. hÀ¤-c-lnX kaq-l-t¯bpw tkmjy-en-k-t¯bpw kz]v\w Ip sImpÅ al-¯mb ss{IkvXh IrXn-I-fm-Wn-h. amÀ«n³ eqY-dnsâ Bi-b-§fpw amÀIvkn-t\bpw GwKÂknt\bpw Bg-¯n kzm[o-\n-¨n-«p-. ss{IkvX-hn-I-X-bp-tSbpw B²ym-ßn-I-X-bp-tSbpw kv]Ài-ap-m-bn-cp¶ Imd amÀIvknsâ Nn´-I-fn `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw Ib-dn-¡q-Sn-bXv F§-s\-bmWv? 1836-þ _Àen³ kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-bn hnZymÀ°n-bm-bn-cn-¡p-t¼m-gmWv Imd amÀIvkns\ PÀ½³ XXz-im-kv{X-Ú-\mb slK-ensâ sFUn-b-enkw BIÀjn-¨-Xv. 1841-þ tUmIvS-td-än\p thn kaÀ¸n-¨Xv Utam{Inäkn-tâbpw Fjn¡pkntâbpw {]IrX XXz-im-kv{X-§Ä X½n-epÅ Xmc-Xay ]T\w F¶ {]_-Ô-am-bn-cp¶p. amÀIvknsâ Ub-e-IvSn-¡Â saän-cn-b-en-k-¯n\v slK-ensâ Ub-e-IvSn-¡Â sFUn-b-en-k-t¯mSp _Ô-ap--sÃm. tUmIvS-d Xoknkv X¿m-dm-¡p¶ kml-N-cy-amWv amÀIvkns\ \nco-iz-c-hm-Zþ `uXn-I-hmZ XXz-Nn-´-I-fn-tebv¡v hgn Xncn¨p hn«-Xv. PÀ½-\n-bn epUzn¡v ^yqbÀ _m¡nsâ Nn´-Ifpw aX-\n-tj-[-¯n\p t{]mÕm-l-\-am-bn. Hcp Imcyw hyà-am-Wv, Imd amÀIvkv {]Xo-£n-¡m-¯Xp ]eXpw "amÀIvknk' ¯n kw`-hn-¨p. At±lw Xpd¶p ]dªp: ""Rm³ Hcp amÀIvkn-Ì-Ã.'' (One thing is Rertain, I am not a marxist). GwKÂkv C¡mcyw tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-v. 1855-þ e-\n sh¨v ss{IkvXh k`-bvs¡-Xn-sc-bpÅ Hcp {]kw-K-¯n Imd amÀIvkv ]dªp: ""{InkvXp aX-¯nse km£m ]cn-ip-²³ ({In-kvXp) km[m-cW a\p-jy-cpsS Bßm-hnsâ c£-bv¡mbn kzbw _en-bÀ¸n-¨p...'' AsXmcp Ncn-{X-bm-YmÀ°y-am-Wv. {InkvXp am\-h-cm-in¡p thn {Iqin-¡-s¸-«p. GI ]cn-ip-²s\ {Iqin¨p sIm¶p. Ncn-{X-]-c-amb Cu Bßob kXys¯ ]ZmÀ°-hm-Z-¯n\p ]pd-¯n-d¡n \ndp-¯p-hm³ amÀIvkv ]cn-{i-an-¨-Xn-\m-emWv I½yq-Wn-k-¯nsâ ]cm-P-b-¯n\p hgn Hcp-§n-b-Xv. 1956-þ _À{Sv dk ""Rm³ F´p-sImv amÀIvkn-ÌÃ?'' F¶ Hcp {]_Ôw cNn-¨p. AXp hniz-{]-kn-²-am-bn. AXp-hgn _À{Sv dk amÀIvkn-k-¯nsâ ià-\mb hnaÀi-I-\mbn Adn-b-s¸-«p. amÀIvknkw anYy-bm-sW¶pw AXv Aim-kv{Xo-b-am-sW¶pw dk kaÀ°n-¨p. Iyq_-bnse ^nU Imkv t{Sm ]dªp: ""{InkvXp bYmÀ° tkmjy-en-Ìm-Wv.''
kv]ncn-Nz s]cn-kvt{Sm-bn¡
ASp¯ Ime¯v anJm-tb tKmÀ_-t¨hv AÊo-kn-bnse hnip² {^m³kn-knsâ I¯o-{U kµÀin-¡p-Ibpw AhnsS {]mÀ°\m \nc-X\mbn kabw Nne-h-gn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. At±-l-¯nsâ aIÄ Cdn-bbpw H¸w Dm-bn-cp-¶p. CXn\p km£yw hln¨ temI am²ya {]Xn-\n-[n-I-tfmSv tKmÀ_-t¨mhv A`n-am-\-]qÀÆw hyà-am¡n: ""Rm³ {InkvXp hnizm-kn-bm-Wv.'' tKmÀ_-t¨m-hnsâ AÊokn kµÀi-\-t¯bpw hnizm-k-{]-Jym-]-\-t¯bpw Cäm-en-b³ ]{X-§Ä hnti-jn-¸n-¨Xv ""kv]ncn-Nz s]cn-kvt{Sm-bn¡'' F¶m-Wv. I½yq-Wn-k-¯n\v Hcp kv]ncn-Nz s]cn-kvt{Sm-bn¡ Bh-iy-ambncn¡p-¶p. AÃmsX \ne-\n-ev]n-Ã.( sP.-kn.-tZhv )
Thursday, April 7, 2011
ദുഖിക്കുക
ka-Im-enI kaq-ls¯ Ah-tem-I\w sN¿p¶ GsXm-cmfpw k½-Xn-¡p¶ Hcp Imcy-apv; CXv hÃm-s¯mcp Ime-am-Wv. aqey-§Ä amän-sb-gp-X-s¸-Sp¶ Imew. AÀ² kXy-§fpw kXy-¯nsâ apJw aqSn-b-Wn-bp-¶, kXyw \pW-bmbv ap{Z-Ip-¯-s¸-Sp¶ `oXn-Z-amb Imew. C¶nsâ ap{Zm-hmIyw ASn-¨-aÀ¯-en-sâbpw ]nSn-¨-S-¡-en-sâXpam-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Al-¦m-cn-I-fmb klm-\p-`q-Xn-bn-Ãm¯ Xe-ap-d-bmbn C¶s¯ a\p-jyÀ amdn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. A[n-Im-c-¯n\pw, ]W-¯n\pw, {]i-kvXn-¡p-ambn s\t«m-«-tam-Sp-¶ a\p-jyÀ. FÃmw t\Sn-bn«pw kam-[m\w In«msX hcp-t¼mÄ `ocp-¡-fmbn Bß-l-Xy-bn A`bw tXSp¶ Xe-ap-d. bp²-¯n-\mbn tIm¸p Iq«p¶ cmPy-§Ä; {]Xn-tcm[ Kth-jW cwK¯v Hmtcm cmPyhpw IqSp-X XpI hIbncp-¯p¶ ImgvN Bi¦m-P-\-I-am-Wv. Aim-´n-bpsS Icn-\n-g temIs¯ {Kkn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.
\½psS cmPy-¯nsâ ØnXntbm? F¬]Xv iX-am-\-¯n-e-[nIw C´ym-¡mcpw Zcn-{Z-cmbn XpS-cp-t¼mgpw temI k¼-¶-cpsS ]«n-I-bn `mc-Xo-bÀ CSw ]nSn-¡p-¶Xv hnNn-{X-amb ImgvN-bm-Wv. am{X-aà Agn-a-Xn-bn Ipfn¨p \n¡p¶ cmPy-ambpw `mcXw amdn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. PpUo-jydn t]mepw Agn-aXn Btcm-]-W-¯nsâ Icn-\n-g-en-em-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. am[y-a-cw-K-t¯¡pw Agn-a-Xn-bpsS Ic-§Ä \ofp-t¼m-Ä kXyw Xa-kvI-cn-¡s¸Sp¶p. hÀ¤ob tNcn-Xn-cn-hp-Ifpw A{Ia cmjv{Sn-bhpw hwiob {]iv\-§fpw FÃmw \nb-a-hm-gvNsb shÃp-hn-fn-¡p-t¼mÄ sskzc PohnXw Akm-[y-am-Ip-¶p.
BtLm-j-§sf el-cn-bn ap¡n ap³t]m-«v(?) t]mIp¶ \½psS sIm¨p tIc-f-¯nsâ ØnXnbpw hyXy-kvX-a-Ã. s]mXp CS-§Ä \jvS-amb ae-bmfn Ab-es¯ hnti-j-§-f-dn-bp-¶Xv Nm\ NÀ¨-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv! Ah-\-h-\n-te¡v Xs¶ Npcp-§n-Iq-Snb \ap¡v C¶v kmaqly {]Xn-_-²X \jvS-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. \½psS Nn´-I-sfbpw A`n-{]m-b-§-sfbpw aäm-scm-s¡tbm tNÀ¶v \nb-{´n-¡p¶ Ime-ambn CXv amdn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. ssZh-`-b-an-Ãm¯ aX-`-à-cmb Ipsd a\p-jy-sc-bmWv \ap-¡n-hnsS ImWm³ Ign-bp-I. cmjv{Sob AXn-{]-k-chpw am[y-a-§-fpsS henb kzm[o-\hpw \½psS kaq-l-¯n hcp-¯n-sIm-n-cn-¡p¶ amä-§Ä hnh-c-Wm-Xo-X-am-Wv. C¯cw kzm[o-\-§fpw el-cnbpw sXmgn-en-Ãm-bvabpw \½psS bph-X-e-ap-dsb hgn-sX-än-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. Hcp Ime¯v hmb-\-bnepw IemþImbnI hnt\m-Z-§-fnepw sNe-h-gn-¨n-cp¶ \½psS bphm-¡fpw Ip«n-Ifpw. C¶v Ah-cpsS Hgnhv ka-b-¯nsâ `qcn-`m-Khpw sNe-h-gn-¡p¶Xv samss_-en\pw sSen-hn-j\pw CâÀs\-än\pw ap³]n-em-Wv. Adnhnsâ taJ-ebnse IpXn¨p Nm«-¯n\v CXv If-sam-cp-¡n-sb-¦nepw _m¡n-bm-bXv Adn-hnsâ NoÀ¸n¨ a\Êpw XWp¯p t]mb kvt\lhpw am{X-am-Wv. inYn-e-_-Ô-§fpw bm{´n-I-Xbpw kzmÀ°-Xbpw C¶v kÀÆ-km-[m-cWambn-cn-¡p-¶p.
aqey-§Ä¡v ta h¶p `hn¨ A]-Nbw ImWm-Xn-cp¶p IqSm. aqey-NypXn kIe taJ-e-I-fnepw hym]n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. kaq-l-¯nsâ ImgvN]m-Sp-IÄ amdn-s¡m-n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. sXäp-IÄ¡v am\yX ssIh-¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. aZy-]m-\w, ssewKoI A[mÀan-IX apX-emb kmaq-ly Xn·-IÄ¡pw kaqlw kzoIm-cyX \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. {Ina-\-ep-IÄ¡p t]mepw P\ ]n´pW e`n-¡p-¶p. ]Ww ]e-t¸mgpw P\m-[n-]-Xys¯ A«n-a-dn-¡p-¶p. kXy-k-ÔX kaqlw ]pÑn¨p Xf-fp¶ Zb-\ob kml-N-cy-amWv C¶p-f-fXv. s{]m^-j-W-en-k-¯nsâ Cu Ime¯v _Ô-§sf _Ô-\-§-fmbn bph-X-e-apd IpXpS-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p; hr²-k-Z-\-§fpw A\m-Ym-e-b-§fpw IqWp t]mse apf¨p s]m´p-¶p.
hnhm-l-t¯mSv ]pXnb Xe-ap-dbv¡v henb XmÂ]-cy-an-Ãm-Xm-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. C´y-bnse alm-\-K-c-§-fn hÀ[n¨p hcp¶ kl-hmkw (Living togethar) t]mep-ff {]h-W-X-IÄ¡v bphm-¡-fpsS
CS-bn henb kzoIm-cyX ssIh-¶n-«p-v. \½psS tImS-Xn-Ifpw CXn-t\mSv _Ô-s¸«v A\p-Iqe ]cm-aÀi-§Ä \S-¯n-sb-¶-dn-bp-t¼mÄ Zp:Jn¡m-Xn-cn-¡m³ \ap¡v Ign-bp-I-bn-Ã. hnhml ]qÀÆ ssewKo-I-X-bpw, KÀ`On{Zhpw C¶s¯ Xe-ap-d¡v A\y-a-à F¶m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. ae-bm-f-¯nse {]ap-J-amb Hcp BgvN¸Xn¸v Cub-Sp¯v ]pd-¯n-d-§n-bXv kzhÀ¤-c-Xn-¡mscIpdn-¨p-ff teJ-\-§-fp-am-bm-Wv. AXn-eqsS 'am\y-ambn' Pohn-¡p¶ Nne-cpsS Pohn-X-§sfIpdn-¨mWv BgvN-]-Xn¸v ]dªv h¨-Xv. H¸w Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i-§Ä Øm]n¨p In«m-¯-Xnsâ Bi-¦-IÄ ]¦p-sh-bv¡m\pw teJ-\-IÀ¯m-¡Ä ad-¶n-Ã.
CS-bn henb kzoIm-cyX ssIh-¶n-«p-v. \½psS tImS-Xn-Ifpw CXn-t\mSv _Ô-s¸«v A\p-Iqe ]cm-aÀi-§Ä \S-¯n-sb-¶-dn-bp-t¼mÄ Zp:Jn¡m-Xn-cn-¡m³ \ap¡v Ign-bp-I-bn-Ã. hnhml ]qÀÆ ssewKo-I-X-bpw, KÀ`On{Zhpw C¶s¯ Xe-ap-d¡v A\y-a-à F¶m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. ae-bm-f-¯nse {]ap-J-amb Hcp BgvN¸Xn¸v Cub-Sp¯v ]pd-¯n-d-§n-bXv kzhÀ¤-c-Xn-¡mscIpdn-¨p-ff teJ-\-§-fp-am-bm-Wv. AXn-eqsS 'am\y-ambn' Pohn-¡p¶ Nne-cpsS Pohn-X-§sfIpdn-¨mWv BgvN-]-Xn¸v ]dªv h¨-Xv. H¸w Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i-§Ä Øm]n¨p In«m-¯-Xnsâ Bi-¦-IÄ ]¦p-sh-bv¡m\pw teJ-\-IÀ¯m-¡Ä ad-¶n-Ã.
Cub-Sp¯v tIc-f-¯n \S¶ Hcp kw`-h-ap-v. {]i-kvX-\mb Hcp Ihn-bpsS ac-Wm-\-´cw ta kqNn-¸n¨ AtX BgvN-]-Xn¸v Cd-§n-bXv kaq-l-¯nse Hcp hn`m-K-s¯-¡p-dn¨v ]cm-aÀin-¨p-sIm-m-bn-cp-¶p. aZy-¯n\pw ab-¡p-a-cp-¶n\pw aäpw aäpw PohnXw tlman¨v henb Bi-b-§Ä ]dª AhÀ¡v kaqlw Hcp t]cn«p'Acm-PI hmZn-IÄ. hm¡n\pw {]hÀ¯n¡pw X½n _Ô-an-Ãm-¯-hÀ A§s\ Acm-P-I-hm-Zn-I-fmbn, alm-·m-cmbn. Ah-scbpw al-Xz-h¡-cn-¨p-sIm-s-gp-Xm³ Bfp-I-fp-mbn F¶Xv \½psS kaq-l-¯nsâ amdnb ImgvN-]m-Sp-I-fmWv hc¨p Im«p-¶-Xv. km£-c-X-bn \mw ap³]n-em-sW-¦nepw AÔ-hn-izm-k-§-fp-sSbpw BNm-c-§-fpsSbpw Imcy-¯n H«pw ]n¶n-eà F¶pw kao-]-Ime kw`-h-§Ä shfn-hm-¡p-¶p.
C¯-c-samcp kaq-l-¯n Pohn-¡p¶ \ap¡v Zp:Jn¡p-hm³ D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ap-v. Xe-apd C§s\ hgn-]n-g¨v t]mIp-t¼mÄ \½psS sIm¨p Ip«n-IÄ t]mepw el-cn-¡-Sn-a-I-fm-Ip-t¼mÄ Zp:Jn¡m-Xn-cn-¡m³ \ap¡v Ign-bp-I-bnÃ. th]Yp {]mÀ°-\-bmbn Db-cm-Xn-cn-¡m³ Ign-bpI-bn-Ã. a\p-jysâ bYmÀ° {]iv\w [mÀ½oI A[:]X-\-amWv; kaq-l-¯nse PoÀ®-X-IÄ CXnsâ DÂ]-¶-hp-am-Wv. Cu {]iv\ ]cn-lm-c-¯n\v Hcp c£-I³ thWw. Cu c£-Is\ Is-¯p-hm³ a\p-jysc klm-bn-¡p-hm³ Ahs\ Is-¯n-b-hÀ¡v Ign-b-Ww. am{X-aà CXv ZpjvIm-e-am-I-bm h{I-Xbpw tIm«-hp-ap-ff Cu Xe-ap-d-bpsS \Sp-hn Cu hgn-Im-«n-IÄ Gähpw {i²-tbmsS Pohn-t¡--Xp-am-Wv. FÃm-än-sâbpw Ah-km\w kao-]n-¨n-cn-¡p¶p F¶v {Kln-¨p-sImv kzØ-Xbpw kmh-[m-\-Xbpw Dff PohnXw Ign-¡p-hm\pw \njvI-f¦ amÀ¤-¯n \S-¡p-hm\pw \ap¡v Ign-bs«.
